Al-Fatihah 1:4
The Opener · Juz 1 · Page 1
مَٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّينِ ٤
Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., repayment and compensation for whatever was earned of good or evil during life on this earth. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn al-Jawzi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 1:4
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿مالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾ .
قَرَأ عاصِمٌ والكِسائِيُّ، وخَلَفٌ، ويَعْقُوبُ: "مالِكِ" بِألِفٍ. وقَرَأ ابْنُ السَّمَيْفَعِ، وابْنُ أبِي عَبْلَةَ كَذَلِكَ، إلّا أنَّهُما نَصَبا الكافَ.
وَقَرَأ أبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وعاصِمٌ الجَحْدَرِيُّ: "مَلْكِ" بِإسْكانِ اللّامِ مِن غَيْرِ الألِفِ مَعَ كَسْرِ الكافِ، وقَرَأ أبُو عُثْمانَ النَّهْدِيُّ، والشَّعْبِيُّ "مَلِكَ" بِكَسْرِ اللّامِ ونَصْبِ الكافِ مِن غَيْرِ ألِفٍ.
وَقَرَأ سَعْدُ بْنُ أبِي وقّاصٍ، وعائِشَةُ، ومُوَرِّقٌ العِجْلِيُّ: "مَلِكُ" مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ إلّا أنَّهم رَفَعُوا الكافَ.
وَقَرَأ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وأبُو رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيُّ "مَلِيكِ" بِياءٍ بَعْدَ اللّامِ مَكْسُورَةَ الكافِ مِن غَيْرِ ألِفٍ.
وَقَرَأ عَمْرُو بْنُ العاصِ كَذَلِكَ، إلّا أنَّهُ ضَمَّ الكافَ.
وَقَرَأ أبُو حَنِيفَةَ، وأبُو حَيْوَةَ " مَلَكَ" عَلى الفِعْلِ الماضِي، ويَوْمَ بِالنَّصْبِ.
وَرَوى عَبْدُ الوارِثِ عَنْ أبِي عَمْرٍو: إسْكانَ اللّامِ، والمَشْهُورُ عَنْ أبِي عَمْرٍو وجُمْهُورِ القُرّاءِ "مَلِكِ" بِفَتْحِ المِيمِ مَعَ كَسْرِ اللّامِ، وهو أظْهَرُ في المَدْحِ، لِأنَّ كُلَّ مَلِكٍ مالِكٍ، ولَيْسَ كُلُّ مالِكٍ مَلِكًا.
وَفِي "الدِّينِ" هاهُنا قَوْلانِ.
أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُ الحِسابُ. قالَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ.
والثّانِي: الجَزاءُ. قالَهُ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ، ولَمّا أقَرَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ في قَوْلِهِ ﴿رَبِّ العالَمِينَ﴾ أنَّهُ مالِكُ الدُّنْيا، دَلَّ بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿مالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾ عَلى أنَّهُ مالِكُ الأُخْرى.
وَقِيلَ: إنَّما خَصَّ يَوْمَ الدِّينِ؛ لِأنَّهُ يَنْفَرِدُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِالحُكْمِ في خَلْقِهِ.
Page 1
سورة الفاتحة
Al-Fatihah
The Opener · Meccan · 7 ayahs
1:1
بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ١
In the name of Allāh,1 the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.2
2 translator’s notes
Allāh is a proper name belonging only to the one Almighty God, Creator and Sustainer of the heavens and the earth and all that is within them, the Eternal and Absolute, to whom alone all worship is due.
[3] Ar-Raḥmān and ar-Raḥeem are two names of Allāh derived from the word "raḥmah" (mercy) . In Arabic grammar both are intensive forms of "merciful" (i.e., extremely merciful) . A complimentary and comprehensive meaning is intended by using both together. Raḥmān is used only to describe Allāh, while raḥeem might be used to describe a person as well. The Prophet (ﷺ) was described in the Qur’ān as raḥeem. Raḥmān is above the human level (i.e., intensely merciful) . Since one usually understands intensity to be something of short duration, Allāh describes Himself also as raḥeem (i.e., continually merciful) . Raḥmān also carries a wider meaning - merciful to all creation. Justice is a part of this mercy. Raḥeem includes the concept of speciality - especially and specifically merciful to the believers. Forgiveness is a part of this mercy. In addition, Raḥmān is adjectival, referring to an attribute of Allāh and is part of His essence. Raḥeem is verbal, indicating what He does: i.e., bestowing and implementing mercy.
↩- ↩
1:2
ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢
[All] praise is [due] to Allāh, Lord1 of the worlds -
1 translator’s note
- When referring to Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) , the Arabic term "rabb" (translated as "Lord") includes all of the following meanings: "owner, master, ruler, controller, sustainer, provider, guardian and caretaker." ↩
1:3
ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ٣
The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
1:4
مَٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّينِ ٤
Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., repayment and compensation for whatever was earned of good or evil during life on this earth. ↩
1:5
إِيَّاكَ نَعۡبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسۡتَعِينُ ٥
It is You we worship and You we ask for help.
1:6
ٱهۡدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلۡمُسۡتَقِيمَ ٦
Guide us to the straight path -
1:7
صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ غَيۡرِ ٱلۡمَغۡضُوبِ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ٧
The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have earned [Your] anger or of those who are astray.