Yusuf 12:21
Joseph · Juz 12 · Page 237
وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِي ٱشۡتَرَىٰهُ مِن مِّصۡرَ لِٱمۡرَأَتِهِۦٓ أَكۡرِمِي مَثۡوَىٰهُ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَنفَعَنَآ أَوۡ نَتَّخِذَهُۥ وَلَدٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَكَّنَّا لِيُوسُفَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلِنُعَلِّمَهُۥ مِن تَأۡوِيلِ ٱلۡأَحَادِيثِۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَالِبٌ عَلَىٰٓ أَمۡرِهِۦ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢١
And the one from Egypt1 who bought him said to his wife, "Make his residence comfortable. Perhaps he will benefit us, or we will adopt him as a son." And thus, We established Joseph in the land that We might teach him the interpretation of events [i.e., dreams]. And Allāh is predominant over His affair, but most of the people do not know.
1 translator’s note
- The minister in charge of supplies, whose title was al-ʿAzeez. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 12:21
﴿وَقالَ الَّذِي اشْتَراهُ مِن مِصْرَ﴾ وهو العَزِيزُ الَّذِي كانَ عَلى خَزائِنِ مِصْرَ واسْمُهُ قِطْفِيرُ أوْ إطْفِيرُ، وكانَ المَلِكُ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَيّانَ بْنَ الوَلِيدِ العَمْلِيقِيَّ وقَدْ آمَنَ بِيُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وماتَ في حَياتِهِ. وقِيلَ كانَ فِرْعَوْنَ مُوسى عاشَ أرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ بِدَلِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ جاءَكم يُوسُفُ مِن قَبْلُ بِالبَيِّناتِ﴾ . والمَشْهُورُ أنَّهُ مِن أوْلادِ فِرْعَوْنِ يُوسُفَ. والآيَةُ مِن قَبِيلِ خِطابِ الأوْلادِ بِأحْوالِ الآباءِ.
رُوِيَ: أنَّهُ اشْتَراهُ العَزِيزُ وهو ابْنُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً ولَبِثَ في مَنزِلِهِ ثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً واسْتَوْزَرَهُ الرَّيّانُ وهو ابْنُ ثَلاثٍ وثَلاثِينَ سَنَةً وتُوُفِّيَ وهو ابْنُ مِائَةٍ وعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً.
واخْتُلِفَ فِيما اشْتَراهُ بِهِ مَن جَعَلَ شِراءَهُ بِهِ غَيْرَ الأوَّلِ: عِشْرُونَ دِينارًا وزَوْجا نَعْلٍ وثَوْبانِ أبْيَضانِ. وقِيلَ مِلْؤُهُ فِضَّةً وقِيلَ ذَهَبًا. ﴿لامْرَأتِهِ﴾ راعِيلَ أوْ زُلَيْخا. ﴿أكْرِمِي مَثْواهُ﴾ اجْعَلِي مَقامَهُ عِنْدَنا كَرِيمًا أيْ حَسَنًا والمَعْنى أحْسِنِي تَعَهُّدَهُ. ﴿عَسى أنْ يَنْفَعَنا﴾ في ضِياعِنا وأمْوالِنا ونَسْتَظْهِرَ بِهِ في مَصالِحِنا. ﴿أوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ ولَدًا﴾ نَتَبَنّاهُ وكانَ عَقِيمًا لِما تَفَرَّسَ فِيهِ مِنَ الرُّشْدِ، ولِذَلِكَ قِيلَ: أفَرَسُ النّاسِ ثَلاثَةٌ عَزِيزُ مِصْرَ، وابْنَةُ شُعَيْبٍ الَّتِي قالَتْ ﴿يا أبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ﴾، وأبُو بَكْرٍ حِينَ اسْتَخْلَفَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعالى عَنْهُما. ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ مَكَّنّا لِيُوسُفَ في الأرْضِ﴾ وكَما مَكَّنا مَحَبَّتَهُ في قَلْبِ العَزِيزِ أوْ كَما مَكَّنّاهُ في مَنزِلِهِ أوْ كَما أنْجَيْناهُ وعَطَفْنا عَلَيْهِ العَزِيزَ مَكَّنا لَهُ فِيها. ﴿وَلِنُعَلِّمَهُ مِن تَأْوِيلِ الأحادِيثِ﴾ عُطِفَ عَلى مُضْمَرٍ تَقْدِيرُهُ لِيَتَصَرَّفَ فِيها بِالعَدْلِ ولِنُعَلِّمَهُ أيْ كانَ القَصْدُ في إنْجائِهِ وتَمْكِينِهِ إلى أنْ يُقِيمَ العَدْلَ ويُدَبِّرَ أُمُورَ النّاسِ، ويَعْلَمَ مَعانِيَ كُتِبِ اللَّهِ تَعالى وأحْكامَهُ فَيُنَفِّذَها، أوْ تَعْبِيرَ المَناماتِ المُنَبِّهَةِ عَلى الحَوادِثِ الكائِنَةِ لِيَسْتَعِدَّ لَها ويَشْتَغِلَ بِتَدْبِيرِها قَبْلَ أنْ تَحِلَّ كَما فَعَلَ لِسِنِيهِ. ﴿واللَّهُ غالِبٌ عَلى أمْرِهِ﴾ لا يَرُدُّهُ شَيْءٌ ولا يُنازِعُهُ فِيما يَشاءُ أوْ عَلى أمْرِ يُوسُفَ أرادَ بِهِ إخْوَتَهُ شَيْئًا وأرادَ اللَّهُ غَيْرَهُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ إلّا ما أرادَهُ. ﴿وَلَكِنَّ أكْثَرَ النّاسِ لا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ أنَّ الأمْرَ كُلَّهُ بِيَدِهِ، أوْ لَطائِفَ صُنْعِهِ وخَفايا لُطْفِهِ.
Page 237
12:15
فَلَمَّا ذَهَبُواْ بِهِۦ وَأَجۡمَعُوٓاْ أَن يَجۡعَلُوهُ فِي غَيَٰبَتِ ٱلۡجُبِّۚ وَأَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡهِ لَتُنَبِّئَنَّهُم بِأَمۡرِهِمۡ هَٰذَا وَهُمۡ لَا يَشۡعُرُونَ ١٥
So when they took him [out] and agreed to put him into the bottom of the well...1 But We inspired to him, "You will surely inform them [someday] about this affair of theirs while they do not perceive [your identity]."
1 translator’s note
- The conclusion of this sentence is estimated to be "...they tormented him." ↩
12:16
وَجَآءُوٓ أَبَاهُمۡ عِشَآءٗ يَبۡكُونَ ١٦
And they came to their father at night, weeping.
12:17
قَالُواْ يَٰٓأَبَانَآ إِنَّا ذَهَبۡنَا نَسۡتَبِقُ وَتَرَكۡنَا يُوسُفَ عِندَ مَتَٰعِنَا فَأَكَلَهُ ٱلذِّئۡبُۖ وَمَآ أَنتَ بِمُؤۡمِنٖ لَّنَا وَلَوۡ كُنَّا صَٰدِقِينَ ١٧
They said, "O our father, indeed we went racing each other and left Joseph with our possessions, and a wolf ate him. But you would not believe us, even if we were truthful."
12:18
وَجَآءُو عَلَىٰ قَمِيصِهِۦ بِدَمٖ كَذِبٖۚ قَالَ بَلۡ سَوَّلَتۡ لَكُمۡ أَنفُسُكُمۡ أَمۡرٗاۖ فَصَبۡرٞ جَمِيلٞۖ وَٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُسۡتَعَانُ عَلَىٰ مَا تَصِفُونَ ١٨
And they brought upon his shirt false blood.1 [Jacob] said, "Rather, your souls have enticed you to something, so patience is most fitting. And Allāh is the one sought for help against that which you describe."
1 translator’s note
- They had stained Joseph's shirt with the blood of a lamb but had forgotten to tear it, thereby arousing their father's suspicion. ↩
12:19
وَجَآءَتۡ سَيَّارَةٞ فَأَرۡسَلُواْ وَارِدَهُمۡ فَأَدۡلَىٰ دَلۡوَهُۥۖ قَالَ يَٰبُشۡرَىٰ هَٰذَا غُلَٰمٞۚ وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَٰعَةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ ١٩
And there came a company of travelers; then they sent their water drawer, and he let down his bucket. He said, "Good news! Here is a boy." And they concealed him, [taking him] as merchandise;1 and Allāh was Knowing of what they did.
1 translator’s note
- To be sold as a slave. ↩
12:20
وَشَرَوۡهُ بِثَمَنِۭ بَخۡسٖ دَرَٰهِمَ مَعۡدُودَةٖ وَكَانُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلزَّٰهِدِينَ ٢٠
And they sold him for a reduced price - a few dirhams - and they were, concerning him, of those content with little.
12:21
وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِي ٱشۡتَرَىٰهُ مِن مِّصۡرَ لِٱمۡرَأَتِهِۦٓ أَكۡرِمِي مَثۡوَىٰهُ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَنفَعَنَآ أَوۡ نَتَّخِذَهُۥ وَلَدٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَكَّنَّا لِيُوسُفَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلِنُعَلِّمَهُۥ مِن تَأۡوِيلِ ٱلۡأَحَادِيثِۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَالِبٌ عَلَىٰٓ أَمۡرِهِۦ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢١
And the one from Egypt1 who bought him said to his wife, "Make his residence comfortable. Perhaps he will benefit us, or we will adopt him as a son." And thus, We established Joseph in the land that We might teach him the interpretation of events [i.e., dreams]. And Allāh is predominant over His affair, but most of the people do not know.
1 translator’s note
- The minister in charge of supplies, whose title was al-ʿAzeez. ↩
12:22
وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمٗا وَعِلۡمٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ٢٢
And when he [i.e., Joseph] reached maturity, We gave him judgement and knowledge. And thus We reward the doers of good.