Yusuf 12:37
Joseph · Juz 12 · Page 239
قَالَ لَا يَأۡتِيكُمَا طَعَامٞ تُرۡزَقَانِهِۦٓ إِلَّا نَبَّأۡتُكُمَا بِتَأۡوِيلِهِۦ قَبۡلَ أَن يَأۡتِيَكُمَاۚ ذَٰلِكُمَا مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي رَبِّيٓۚ إِنِّي تَرَكۡتُ مِلَّةَ قَوۡمٖ لَّا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَهُم بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمۡ كَٰفِرُونَ ٣٧
He said, "You will not receive food that is provided to you except that I will inform you of its interpretation before it comes to you. That is from what my Lord has taught me. Indeed, I have left the religion of a people who do not believe in Allāh, and they, in the Hereafter, are disbelievers.
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Commentary on 12:37
القَوْلُ في تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
[ ٣٧ ] ﴿قالَ لا يَأْتِيكُما طَعامٌ تُرْزَقانِهِ إلا نَبَّأْتُكُما بِتَأْوِيلِهِ قَبْلَ أنْ يَأْتِيَكُما ذَلِكُما مِمّا عَلَّمَنِي رَبِّي إنِّي تَرَكْتُ مِلَّةَ قَوْمٍ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وهم بِالآخِرَةِ هم كافِرُونَ﴾
﴿قالَ لا يَأْتِيكُما طَعامٌ تُرْزَقانِهِ إلا نَبَّأْتُكُما بِتَأْوِيلِهِ قَبْلَ أنْ يَأْتِيَكُما﴾ أيْ قَبْلَ أنْ يَصِلَكُما. والمُرادُ بِالطَّعامِ: ما يُبْعَثُ إلى أهْلِ السِّجْنِ. وتَأْوِيلُهُ ذِكْرُ ما هُوَ، بِأنْ يَقُولَ: يَأْتِيكُما طَعامُ كَيْتَ وكَيْتَ، فَيَجِدانِهِ كَذَلِكَ. وحَقِيقَةُ (التَّأْوِيلِ): تَفْسِيرُ الألْفاظِ المُرادِ مِنها خِلافُ ظاهِرِها بِبَيانِ المُرادِ.
قالَ أبُو السُّعُودِ: فَإطْلاقُهُ عَلى تَعْيِينِ ما سَيَأْتِي مِنَ الطَّعامِ، إمّا بِطَرِيقِ الِاسْتِعارَةِ. فَإنَّ ذَلِكَ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إلى مُطْلَقِ الطَّعامِ المُبْهَمِ بِمَنزِلَةِ التَّأْوِيلِ، بِالنَّظَرِ إلى ما رُئِيَ في المَنامِ، وشَبِيهٌ لَهُ. وإمّا بِطَرِيقِ المُشاكَلَةِ، حَسْبَما وقَعَ في عِبارَتِهِما مِن قَوْلِهِما: ﴿نَبِّئْنا بِتَأْوِيلِهِ﴾ [يوسف: ٣٦] ومُرادُهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِذَلِكَ: بَيانُ كُلِّ ما يَهُمُّهُما مِنَ الأُمُورِ المُتَرَقَّبَةِ قَبْلَ وُقُوعِها. وإنَّما تَخْصِيصُ الطَّعامِ بِالذِّكْرِ؛ لِكَوْنِهِ عَرِيقًا في ذَلِكَ، بِحَسَبِ الحالِ، مَعَ ما فِيهِ مِن مُراعاةِ حُسْنِ التَّخَلُّصِ إلَيْهِ مِمّا اسْتَعْبَراهُ مِنَ الرُّؤْيَتَيْنِ المُتَعَلِّقَتَيْنِ بِالشَّرابِ والطَّعامِ.
﴿ذَلِكُما﴾ أيْ ذَلِكَ التَّأْوِيلُ والإخْبارُ بِالمُغَيَّباتِ ﴿مِمّا عَلَّمَنِي رَبِّي﴾ أيْ بِالوَحْيِ والإلْهامِ، لا مِنَ التَّكَهُّنِ والتَّنْجِيمِ. وفِيهِ إشْعارٌ بِأنَّ لَهُ عُلُومًا جَمَّةً، ما سَمِعاهُ شَذْرَةٌ مِن جَواهِرِها. وقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿إنِّي تَرَكْتُ مِلَّةَ قَوْمٍ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وهم بِالآخِرَةِ هم كافِرُونَ﴾
Page 239
12:31
فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتۡ بِمَكۡرِهِنَّ أَرۡسَلَتۡ إِلَيۡهِنَّ وَأَعۡتَدَتۡ لَهُنَّ مُتَّكَـٔٗا وَءَاتَتۡ كُلَّ وَٰحِدَةٖ مِّنۡهُنَّ سِكِّينٗا وَقَالَتِ ٱخۡرُجۡ عَلَيۡهِنَّۖ فَلَمَّا رَأَيۡنَهُۥٓ أَكۡبَرۡنَهُۥ وَقَطَّعۡنَ أَيۡدِيَهُنَّ وَقُلۡنَ حَٰشَ لِلَّهِ مَا هَٰذَا بَشَرًا إِنۡ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا مَلَكٞ كَرِيمٞ ٣١
So when she heard of their scheming, she sent for them and prepared for them a banquet and gave each one of them a knife and said [to Joseph], "Come out before them." And when they saw him, they greatly admired him and cut their hands1 and said, "Perfect is Allāh!2 This is not a man; this is none but a noble angel."
12:32
قَالَتۡ فَذَٰلِكُنَّ ٱلَّذِي لُمۡتُنَّنِي فِيهِۖ وَلَقَدۡ رَٰوَدتُّهُۥ عَن نَّفۡسِهِۦ فَٱسۡتَعۡصَمَۖ وَلَئِن لَّمۡ يَفۡعَلۡ مَآ ءَامُرُهُۥ لَيُسۡجَنَنَّ وَلَيَكُونٗا مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰغِرِينَ ٣٢
She said, "That is the one about whom you blamed me. And I certainly sought to seduce him, but he firmly refused; and if he will not do what I order him, he will surely be imprisoned and will be of those debased."
12:33
قَالَ رَبِّ ٱلسِّجۡنُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا يَدۡعُونَنِيٓ إِلَيۡهِۖ وَإِلَّا تَصۡرِفۡ عَنِّي كَيۡدَهُنَّ أَصۡبُ إِلَيۡهِنَّ وَأَكُن مِّنَ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِينَ ٣٣
He said, "My Lord, prison is more to my liking than that to which they invite me. And if You do not avert from me their plan, I might incline toward them and [thus] be of the ignorant."
12:34
فَٱسۡتَجَابَ لَهُۥ رَبُّهُۥ فَصَرَفَ عَنۡهُ كَيۡدَهُنَّۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٣٤
So his Lord responded to him and averted from him their plan. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.
12:35
ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا رَأَوُاْ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَيَسۡجُنُنَّهُۥ حَتَّىٰ حِينٖ ٣٥
Then it appeared to them after they had seen the signs1 that he [i.e., al-ʿAzeez] should surely imprison him for a time.2
12:36
وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ ٱلسِّجۡنَ فَتَيَانِۖ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَآ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰنِيٓ أَعۡصِرُ خَمۡرٗاۖ وَقَالَ ٱلۡأٓخَرُ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰنِيٓ أَحۡمِلُ فَوۡقَ رَأۡسِي خُبۡزٗا تَأۡكُلُ ٱلطَّيۡرُ مِنۡهُۖ نَبِّئۡنَا بِتَأۡوِيلِهِۦٓۖ إِنَّا نَرَىٰكَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ٣٦
And there entered the prison with him two young men. One of them said, "Indeed, I have seen myself [in a dream] pressing [grapes for] wine." The other said, "Indeed, I have seen myself carrying upon my head [some] bread, from which the birds were eating. Inform us of its interpretation; indeed, we see you to be of those who do good."
12:37
قَالَ لَا يَأۡتِيكُمَا طَعَامٞ تُرۡزَقَانِهِۦٓ إِلَّا نَبَّأۡتُكُمَا بِتَأۡوِيلِهِۦ قَبۡلَ أَن يَأۡتِيَكُمَاۚ ذَٰلِكُمَا مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي رَبِّيٓۚ إِنِّي تَرَكۡتُ مِلَّةَ قَوۡمٖ لَّا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَهُم بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمۡ كَٰفِرُونَ ٣٧
He said, "You will not receive food that is provided to you except that I will inform you of its interpretation before it comes to you. That is from what my Lord has taught me. Indeed, I have left the religion of a people who do not believe in Allāh, and they, in the Hereafter, are disbelievers.