Yusuf 12:73
Joseph · Juz 13 · Page 244
قَالُواْ تَٱللَّهِ لَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتُم مَّا جِئۡنَا لِنُفۡسِدَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَٰرِقِينَ ٧٣
They said, "By Allāh, you have certainly known that we did not come to cause corruption in the land, and we have not been thieves."
Tafsir · in Arabic
As-Samin al-Halabi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 12:73
قوله تعالى: {تالله} : التاءُ حرفُ قسمٍ، وهي عند الجمهور بدلٌ من واو القسم، ولذلك لا تدخُل إلا على الجلالةِ المقدسة أو الرب مضافاً للكعبة أو الرحمن في قولٍ ضعيف. ولو قلت: تالرحيم لم يَجُزْ. وهي فرع الفرع. هذا مذهبُ الجمهور، وزعم السهيلي أنها أصل بنفسها ويلازِمُها التعجبُ غالباً كقوله تعالى: {تَالله تَفْتَؤُاْ} [يوسف: 85] .
وقال ابن عطية: «والتاء في» تاللَّه «بدلٌ من واو، كما أُبْدِلت في» تُراث «وفي» التوراة «وفي» التُّخَمَة «، ولا تدخل التاء في القسم، إلا في المكتوبة من أسماء اللَّه تعالى وغيره ذلك، لا تقول: تالرحمن، وتالرحيم» . وقد عرفْتَ أنَّ السهيلي خالَفَ في كونها بدلاً من واو. وأمَّا قولُه: «وفي التوراة» يريد عند البصريين. وزَعَمَ بعضُهم أنَّ التاء فيها زائدة. وأمَّا قوله: «إلا في المكتوبة» هذا هو المشهور. وقد تقدَّم دخولُها على غير ذلك.
قوله: {وَمَا كُنَّا سَارِقِينَ} يُحْتمل أن يكونَ جواباً للقسم، فيكونون قد أَقْسموا على شيئين: نَفْيِ الفساد ونَفْيِ السَّرِقة.
وقوله: {مَّا جِئْنَا} يجوز أَنْ يكونَ مُعَلِّقاً للعلم، ويجوز أن يُضَمَّنَ العلمُ نفسُه معنى القسم فيجاب بما يُجاب القسم. وقيل: هذان الوجهان في قولِ الشاعر:
2811 - ولقد عَلِمْتُ لَتَأْتِيَنَّ مَنِيَّتي ... إنَّ المَنايا لا تَطيشُ سِهامُها
Page 244
12:70
فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِمۡ جَعَلَ ٱلسِّقَايَةَ فِي رَحۡلِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ أَيَّتُهَا ٱلۡعِيرُ إِنَّكُمۡ لَسَٰرِقُونَ ٧٠
So when he had furnished them with their supplies, he put the [gold measuring] bowl into the bag of his brother. Then an announcer called out, "O caravan, indeed you are thieves."
12:71
قَالُواْ وَأَقۡبَلُواْ عَلَيۡهِم مَّاذَا تَفۡقِدُونَ ٧١
They said while approaching them, "What is it you are missing?"
12:72
قَالُواْ نَفۡقِدُ صُوَاعَ ٱلۡمَلِكِ وَلِمَن جَآءَ بِهِۦ حِمۡلُ بَعِيرٖ وَأَنَا۠ بِهِۦ زَعِيمٞ ٧٢
They said, "We are missing the measure of the king. And for he who produces it is [the reward of] a camel's load, and I am responsible for it."
12:73
قَالُواْ تَٱللَّهِ لَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتُم مَّا جِئۡنَا لِنُفۡسِدَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَٰرِقِينَ ٧٣
They said, "By Allāh, you have certainly known that we did not come to cause corruption in the land, and we have not been thieves."
12:74
قَالُواْ فَمَا جَزَٰٓؤُهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُمۡ كَٰذِبِينَ ٧٤
They [the accusers] said, "Then what would be its recompense1 if you should be liars?"
1 translator’s note
- The punishment for theft. ↩
12:75
قَالُواْ جَزَٰٓؤُهُۥ مَن وُجِدَ فِي رَحۡلِهِۦ فَهُوَ جَزَٰٓؤُهُۥۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٧٥
[The brothers] said, "Its recompense is that he in whose bag it is found - he [himself] will be its recompense.1 Thus do we recompense the wrongdoers."
1 translator’s note
- According to their law, a convicted thief was made a slave of the one from whom he had stolen. ↩
12:76
فَبَدَأَ بِأَوۡعِيَتِهِمۡ قَبۡلَ وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَخۡرَجَهَا مِن وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كِدۡنَا لِيُوسُفَۖ مَا كَانَ لِيَأۡخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ ٱلۡمَلِكِ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ نَرۡفَعُ دَرَجَٰتٖ مَّن نَّشَآءُۗ وَفَوۡقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلۡمٍ عَلِيمٞ ٧٦
So he began [the search] with their bags before the bag of his brother; then he extracted it from the bag of his brother. Thus did We plan for Joseph. He could not have taken his brother within the religion [i.e., law] of the king except that Allāh willed. We raise in degrees whom We will, but over every possessor of knowledge is one [more] knowing.1
1 translator’s note
- Ending with the ultimate knowledge of Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā). ↩
12:77
۞ قَالُوٓاْ إِن يَسۡرِقۡ فَقَدۡ سَرَقَ أَخٞ لَّهُۥ مِن قَبۡلُۚ فَأَسَرَّهَا يُوسُفُ فِي نَفۡسِهِۦ وَلَمۡ يُبۡدِهَا لَهُمۡۚ قَالَ أَنتُمۡ شَرّٞ مَّكَانٗاۖ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا تَصِفُونَ ٧٧
They said, "If he steals - a brother of his has stolen before." But Joseph kept it within himself and did not reveal it to them.1 He said, "You are worse in position, and Allāh is most knowing of what you describe."
1 translator’s note
- He did not answer that he himself had been stolen by them from his father. ↩
12:78
قَالُواْ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلۡعَزِيزُ إِنَّ لَهُۥٓ أَبٗا شَيۡخٗا كَبِيرٗا فَخُذۡ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُۥٓۖ إِنَّا نَرَىٰكَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ٧٨
They said, "O ʿAzeez,1 indeed he has a father [who is] an old man, so take one of us in place of him. Indeed, we see you as a doer of good."
1 translator’s note
- Addressing Joseph, who now held the title of "al-ʿAzeez." ↩