An-Nahl 16:103
The Bee · Juz 14 · Page 279
وَلَقَدۡ نَعۡلَمُ أَنَّهُمۡ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُۥ بَشَرٞۗ لِّسَانُ ٱلَّذِي يُلۡحِدُونَ إِلَيۡهِ أَعۡجَمِيّٞ وَهَٰذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيّٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٠٣
And We certainly know that they say, "It is only a human being who teaches him [i.e., the Prophet (ﷺ)]." The tongue of the one they refer to is foreign,1 and this [recitation, i.e., Qur’ān] is [in] a clear Arabic language.
1 translator’s note
- Having seen the Prophet (ﷺ) speaking with a foreign man on occasion, the Quraysh accused him of repeating the man's words. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 16:103
﴿وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أنَّهم يَقُولُونَ إنَّما يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ﴾ يَعْنُونَ جَبْرًا الرُّومِيَّ غُلامَ عامِرِ بْنِ الحَضْرَمِيِّ. وقِيلَ جَبْرًا ويَسارًا كانا يَصْنَعانِ السُّيُوفَ بِمَكَّةَ ويَقْرَآنِ التَّوْراةَ والإنْجِيلَ، وكانَ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ يَمُرُّ عَلَيْهِما ويَسْمَعُ ما يَقْرَءانِهِ.
(p-241)وَقِيلَ عائِشًا غُلامَ حُوَيْطِبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ العُزّى قَدْ أسْلَمَ وكانَ صاحِبَ كُتُبٍ. وقِيلَ سَلْمانُ الفارِسِيُّ. ﴿لِسانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إلَيْهِ أعْجَمِيٌّ﴾ لُغَةُ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يُمِيلُونَ قَوْلَهم عَنِ الِاسْتِقامَةِ إلَيْهِ، مَأْخُوذٌ مِن لَحْدِ القَبْرِ. وقَرَأ حَمْزَةُ والكِسائِيُّ يَلْحَدُونَ بِفَتْحِ الياءِ والحاءِ، لِسانٌ أعْجَمِيٌّ غَيْرُ بَيِّنٍ. ﴿وَهَذا﴾ وهَذا القُرْآنُ. ﴿لِسانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ﴾ ذُو بَيانٍ وفَصاحَةٍ، والجُمْلَتانِ مُسْتَأْنَفَتانِ لِإبْطالِ طَعْنِهِمْ، وتَقْرِيرُهُ يَحْتَمِلُ وجْهَيْنِ أحَدُهُما: أنَّ ما سَمِعَهُ مِنهُ كَلامٌ أعْجَمِيٌّ لا يَفْهَمُهُ هو ولا أنْتُمْ والقُرْآنُ عَرَبِيٌّ تَفْهَمُونَهُ بِأدْنى تَأمُّلٍ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ ما تَلَقَّفَهُ مِنهُ. وثانِيهِما: هَبْ أنَّهُ تَعَلَّمَ مِنهُ المَعْنى بِاسْتِماعِ كَلامِهِ لَكِنْ لَمْ يَتَلَقَّفْ مِنهُ اللَّفْظَ، لِأنَّ ذَلِكَ أعْجَمِيٌّ وهَذا عَرَبِيٌّ والقُرْآنُ كَما هو مُعْجِزٌ بِاعْتِبارِ المَعْنى فَهو مُعْجِزٌ مِن حَيْثُ اللَّفْظِ، مَعَ أنَّ العُلُومَ الكَثِيرَةَ الَّتِي في القُرْآنِ لا يُمْكِنُ تَعَلُّمُها إلّا بِمُلازَمَةِ مُعَلِّمٍ فائِقٍ في تِلْكَ العُلُومِ مُدَّةً مُتَطاوِلَةً، فَكَيْفَ تَعَلَّمَ جَمِيعَ ذَلِكَ مِن غُلامٍ سُوقِيٍّ سَمِعَ مِنهُ في بَعْضِ أوْقاتِ مُرُورِهِ عَلَيْهِ كَلِماتٍ أعْجَمِيَّةً لَعَلَّهُما لَمْ يَعْرِفا مَعْناها، وطَعْنُهم في القُرْآنِ بِأمْثالِ هَذِهِ الكَلِماتِ الرَّكِيكَةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلى غايَةِ عَجْزِهِمْ.
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16:103
وَلَقَدۡ نَعۡلَمُ أَنَّهُمۡ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُۥ بَشَرٞۗ لِّسَانُ ٱلَّذِي يُلۡحِدُونَ إِلَيۡهِ أَعۡجَمِيّٞ وَهَٰذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيّٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٠٣
And We certainly know that they say, "It is only a human being who teaches him [i.e., the Prophet (ﷺ)]." The tongue of the one they refer to is foreign,1 and this [recitation, i.e., Qur’ān] is [in] a clear Arabic language.
1 translator’s note
- Having seen the Prophet (ﷺ) speaking with a foreign man on occasion, the Quraysh accused him of repeating the man's words. ↩
16:104
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَهۡدِيهِمُ ٱللَّهُ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ١٠٤
Indeed, those who do not believe in the verses of Allāh - Allāh will not guide them, and for them is a painful punishment.
16:105
إِنَّمَا يَفۡتَرِي ٱلۡكَذِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡكَٰذِبُونَ ١٠٥
They only invent falsehood who do not believe in the verses of Allāh, and it is those who are the liars.
16:106
مَن كَفَرَ بِٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ إِيمَٰنِهِۦٓ إِلَّا مَنۡ أُكۡرِهَ وَقَلۡبُهُۥ مُطۡمَئِنُّۢ بِٱلۡإِيمَٰنِ وَلَٰكِن مَّن شَرَحَ بِٱلۡكُفۡرِ صَدۡرٗا فَعَلَيۡهِمۡ غَضَبٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٞ ١٠٦
Whoever disbelieves in [i.e., denies] Allāh after his belief...1 except for one who is forced [to renounce his religion] while his heart is secure in faith. But those who [willingly] open their breasts to disbelief, upon them is wrath from Allāh, and for them is a great punishment;
1 translator’s note
- Based upon the conclusion of this verse, the omitted phrase concerning the apostate is understood to be "...has earned the wrath of Allāh..." ↩
16:107
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ ٱسۡتَحَبُّواْ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا عَلَى ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٠٧
That is because they preferred the worldly life over the Hereafter and that Allāh does not guide the disbelieving people.
16:108
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ طَبَعَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ وَسَمۡعِهِمۡ وَأَبۡصَٰرِهِمۡۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡغَٰفِلُونَ ١٠٨
Those are the ones over whose hearts and hearing and vision Allāh has sealed, and it is those who are the heedless.
16:109
لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ ١٠٩
Assuredly, it is they, in the Hereafter, who will be the losers.
16:110
ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا فُتِنُواْ ثُمَّ جَٰهَدُواْ وَصَبَرُوٓاْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهَا لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١١٠
Then, indeed your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to say words of disbelief] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allāh] and were patient - indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving and Merciful