Al-Isra 17:39
The Night Journey · Juz 15 · Page 286
ذَٰلِكَ مِمَّآ أَوۡحَىٰٓ إِلَيۡكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةِۗ وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا ءَاخَرَ فَتُلۡقَىٰ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومٗا مَّدۡحُورًا ٣٩
That is from what your Lord has revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], of wisdom. And, [O mankind], do not make [as equal] with Allāh another deity, lest you be thrown into Hell, blamed and banished.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Abu as-Su'ud
Detailed
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Commentary on 17:39
﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ أيِ: الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ التَّكالِيفِ المُفَصَّلَةِ.
﴿مِمّا أوْحى إلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ﴾ أيْ: بَعْضٌ مِنهُ، أوْ مِن جِنْسِهِ.
﴿مِنَ الحِكْمَةِ﴾ الَّتِي هي عِلْمُ الشَّرائِعِ، أوْ مَعْرِفَةُ الحَقِّ لِذاتِهِ، والعَمَلُ بِهِ. أوْ مِنَ الأحْكامِ المُحْكَمَةِ الَّتِي لا يَتَطَرَّقُ إلَيْها النَّسْخُ والفَسادُ. وعَنِ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُما أنَّ هَذِهِ الآياتِ الثَّمانِيَ عَشَرَةَ كانَتْ في ألْواحِ مُوسى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، أوَّلُها: ﴿لا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إلَهًا آخَرَ﴾ . قالَ تَعالى: ﴿وَكَتَبْنا لَهُ في الألْواحِ مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَوْعِظَةً﴾ وهي عَشْرُ آياتٍ في التَّوْراةِ، و "مِن" إمّا مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِـ "أوْحى" عَلى أنَّها تَبْعِيضِيَّةٌ، أوِ ابْتِدائِيَّةٌ. وإمّا بِمَحْذُوفٍ وقَعَ حالًا مِنَ المَوْصُولِ، أوْ مِن ضَمِيرِهِ المَحْذُوفِ في الصِّلَةِ، أيْ: كائِنًا مِنَ الحِكْمَةِ، وإمّا بَدَلٌ مِنَ المَوْصُولِ بِإعادَةِ الجارِّ.
﴿وَلا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إلَهًا آخَرَ﴾ الخِطابُ لِلرَّسُولِ ﷺ، والمُرادُ غَيْرُهُ مِمَّنْ يُتَصَوَّرُ مِنهُ صُدُورُ المَنهِيِّ عَنْهُ، وقَدْ كُرِّرَ لِلتَّنْبِيهِ عَلى أنَّ التَّوْحِيدَ مَبْدَأُ الأمْرِ، ومُنْتَهاهُ، وأنَّهُ رَأْسُ كُلِّ حِكْمَةٍ ومِلاكُها، ومَن عَدِمَهُ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ عُلُومُهُ، وحِكَمُهُ، وإنَّ بَذَّ فِيها أساطِينَ الحُكَماءِ وحَكَّ بِيافُوخِهِ عَنانَ السَّماءِ، وقَدْ رُتِّبَ عَلَيْهِ ما هو عائِدَةُ الإشْراكِ، أوْ لا حَيْثُ قِيلَ: فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا، ورُتِّبَ عَلَيْهِ هَهُنا نَتِيجَتُهُ في العُقْبى فَقِيلَ: ﴿فَتُلْقى في جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومًا﴾ مِن جِهَةِ نَفْسِكَ، ومِن جِهَةِ غَيْرِكَ.
﴿مَدْحُورًا﴾ مُبْعَدًا مِن رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ تَعالى، وفي إيرادِ الإلْقاءِ مُبْنِيًّا لِلْمَفْعُولِ جَرْيُ عَلى سُنَنِ الكِبْرِياءِ وازْدِراءٌ بِالمُشْرِكِ، وجَعْلٌ لَهُ مِن قَبِيلِ خَشَبَةٍ يَأْخُذُها آخِذٌ بِكَفِّهِ فَيَطْرَحُها في التَّنُّورِ.
Page 286
17:39
ذَٰلِكَ مِمَّآ أَوۡحَىٰٓ إِلَيۡكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةِۗ وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا ءَاخَرَ فَتُلۡقَىٰ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومٗا مَّدۡحُورًا ٣٩
That is from what your Lord has revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], of wisdom. And, [O mankind], do not make [as equal] with Allāh another deity, lest you be thrown into Hell, blamed and banished.
17:40
أَفَأَصۡفَىٰكُمۡ رَبُّكُم بِٱلۡبَنِينَ وَٱتَّخَذَ مِنَ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ إِنَٰثًاۚ إِنَّكُمۡ لَتَقُولُونَ قَوۡلًا عَظِيمٗا ٤٠
Then, has your Lord chosen you for [having] sons and taken [i.e., adopted] from among the angels daughters? Indeed, you say a grave saying.
17:41
وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِي هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ لِيَذَّكَّرُواْ وَمَا يَزِيدُهُمۡ إِلَّا نُفُورٗا ٤١
And We have certainly diversified [the contents] in this Qur’ān that they [i.e., mankind] may be reminded, but it does not increase them [i.e., the disbelievers] except in aversion.
17:42
قُل لَّوۡ كَانَ مَعَهُۥٓ ءَالِهَةٞ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذٗا لَّٱبۡتَغَوۡاْ إِلَىٰ ذِي ٱلۡعَرۡشِ سَبِيلٗا ٤٢
Say, [O Muḥammad], "If there had been with Him [other] gods, as they say, then they [each] would have sought to the Owner of the Throne a way."1
1 translator’s note
- To please Him, recognizing His superiority. Another interpretation is "...they would seek a way" to depose Him (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) and take over His Throne. ↩
17:43
سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٤٣
Exalted is He and high above what they say by great sublimity.
17:44
تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ ٱلسَّبۡعُ وَٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّۚ وَإِن مِّن شَيۡءٍ إِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمۡدِهِۦ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تَفۡقَهُونَ تَسۡبِيحَهُمۡۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورٗا ٤٤
The seven heavens and the earth and whatever is in them exalt Him. And there is not a thing except that it exalts [Allāh] by His praise, but you do not understand their [way of] exalting. Indeed, He is ever Forbearing1 and Forgiving.
1 translator’s note
- Refer to footnote in 2:225. ↩
17:45
وَإِذَا قَرَأۡتَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ جَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَكَ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ حِجَابٗا مَّسۡتُورٗا ٤٥
And when you recite the Qur’ān, We put between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter a concealed partition.1
1 translator’s note
- Preventing guidance from reaching them. ↩
17:46
وَجَعَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ أَكِنَّةً أَن يَفۡقَهُوهُ وَفِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٗاۚ وَإِذَا ذَكَرۡتَ رَبَّكَ فِي ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ وَحۡدَهُۥ وَلَّوۡاْ عَلَىٰٓ أَدۡبَٰرِهِمۡ نُفُورٗا ٤٦
And We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’ān, they turn back in aversion.
17:47
نَّحۡنُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَسۡتَمِعُونَ بِهِۦٓ إِذۡ يَسۡتَمِعُونَ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِذۡ هُمۡ نَجۡوَىٰٓ إِذۡ يَقُولُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ إِن تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلٗا مَّسۡحُورًا ٤٧
We are most knowing of how they listen to it when they listen to you and [of] when they are in private conversation, when the wrongdoers say, "You follow not but a man affected by magic."
17:48
ٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ ضَرَبُواْ لَكَ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَ فَضَلُّواْ فَلَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلٗا ٤٨
Look how they strike for you comparisons;1 but they have strayed, so they cannot [find] a way.
1 translator’s note
- Describing the Prophet (ﷺ) as a poet, a madman or one under the influence of sorcery. ↩
17:49
وَقَالُوٓاْ أَءِذَا كُنَّا عِظَٰمٗا وَرُفَٰتًا أَءِنَّا لَمَبۡعُوثُونَ خَلۡقٗا جَدِيدٗا ٤٩
And they say, "When we are bones and crumbled particles, will we [truly] be resurrected as a new creation?"