Al-Kahf 18:39
The Cave · Juz 15 · Page 298
وَلَوۡلَآ إِذۡ دَخَلۡتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلۡتَ مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِٱللَّهِۚ إِن تَرَنِ أَنَا۠ أَقَلَّ مِنكَ مَالٗا وَوَلَدٗا ٣٩
And why did you, when you entered your garden, not say, 'What Allāh willed [has occurred]; there is no power except in Allāh'? Although you see me less than you in wealth and children,
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-I'rab al-Muyassar
Medium
Change
Commentary on 18:39
﴿ولولا إذ دخلت جنتك قلت ما شاء الله﴾: الواو عاطفة، ولولا حرف تحضيض، أي: هلا، وإذ ظرف لما مضى من الزمن متعلق بـ﴿قلت﴾، وجملة ﴿دخلت﴾ في محل جر بإضافة الظرف إليها، و﴿ما﴾ موصولة في محل رفع خبر لمبتدأ محذوف، أي: هذا الذي شاءه الله، أو ﴿ما﴾ مبتدأ، والخبر محذوف تقديره: كان، والجملة مقول القول، وجملة ﴿شاء الله﴾ صلة ﴿ما﴾ لا محل لها من الإعراب، والعائد محذوف كما قدرناه، أو ﴿ما﴾ شرطية منصوبة الموضع بفعل الشرط، والجواب محذوف، أي: كان، والمعنى: أي شيء شاءه الله كان، والجملة كلها مقول القول.
﴿لا قوة إلا بالله﴾: ﴿لا﴾ نافية للجنس، وقوة اسمها المبني على الفتح، وإلا أداة حصر، و﴿بالله﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان بمحذوف خبر ﴿لا﴾.
﴿إن ترن أنا أقل منك مالا وولدا﴾: إن شرطية، وترنِ فعل الشرط مجزوم وعلامة جزمه حذف حرف العلة، والنون للوقاية، والياء المحذوفة مفعول به، و﴿أنا﴾ ضمير فصل، وأقل مفعول به ثان لـ﴿ترنِ﴾، أو ﴿أنا﴾ توكيد للياء، و﴿منك﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان بـ﴿أقل﴾، ومالًا تمييز، وولدًا عطف عليه.
Page 298
18:35
وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُۥ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٞ لِّنَفۡسِهِۦ قَالَ مَآ أَظُنُّ أَن تَبِيدَ هَٰذِهِۦٓ أَبَدٗا ٣٥
And he entered his garden while he was unjust to himself.1 He said, "I do not think that this will perish - ever.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., proud and ungrateful to Allāh. ↩
18:36
وَمَآ أَظُنُّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ قَآئِمَةٗ وَلَئِن رُّدِدتُّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي لَأَجِدَنَّ خَيۡرٗا مِّنۡهَا مُنقَلَبٗا ٣٦
And I do not think the Hour will occur. And even if I should be brought back to my Lord, I will surely find better than this as a return."
18:37
قَالَ لَهُۥ صَاحِبُهُۥ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُۥٓ أَكَفَرۡتَ بِٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكَ مِن تُرَابٖ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطۡفَةٖ ثُمَّ سَوَّىٰكَ رَجُلٗا ٣٧
His companion said to him while he was conversing with him, "Have you disbelieved in He who created you from dust and then from a sperm-drop and then proportioned you [as] a man?
18:38
لَّٰكِنَّا۠ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَآ أُشۡرِكُ بِرَبِّيٓ أَحَدٗا ٣٨
But as for me, He is Allāh, my Lord, and I do not associate with my Lord anyone.
18:39
وَلَوۡلَآ إِذۡ دَخَلۡتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلۡتَ مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِٱللَّهِۚ إِن تَرَنِ أَنَا۠ أَقَلَّ مِنكَ مَالٗا وَوَلَدٗا ٣٩
And why did you, when you entered your garden, not say, 'What Allāh willed [has occurred]; there is no power except in Allāh'? Although you see me less than you in wealth and children,
18:40
فَعَسَىٰ رَبِّيٓ أَن يُؤۡتِيَنِ خَيۡرٗا مِّن جَنَّتِكَ وَيُرۡسِلَ عَلَيۡهَا حُسۡبَانٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَتُصۡبِحَ صَعِيدٗا زَلَقًا ٤٠
It may be that my Lord will give me [something] better than your garden and will send upon it a [disastrous] penalty from the sky, and it will become a smooth, dusty ground,
18:41
أَوۡ يُصۡبِحَ مَآؤُهَا غَوۡرٗا فَلَن تَسۡتَطِيعَ لَهُۥ طَلَبٗا ٤١
Or its water will become sunken [into the earth], so you would never be able to seek it."
18:42
وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِۦ فَأَصۡبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيۡهِ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَنفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَٰلَيۡتَنِي لَمۡ أُشۡرِكۡ بِرَبِّيٓ أَحَدٗا ٤٢
And his fruits were encompassed [by ruin], so he began to turn his hands about [in dismay] over what he had spent on it, while it had collapsed upon its trellises, and said, "Oh, I wish I had not associated with my Lord anyone."1
1 translator’s note
- He attributed his prosperity to himself rather than to Allāh and disbelieved in the account of the Hereafter. ↩
18:43
وَلَمۡ تَكُن لَّهُۥ فِئَةٞ يَنصُرُونَهُۥ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ مُنتَصِرًا ٤٣
And there was for him no company to aid him other than Allāh, nor could he defend himself.
18:44
هُنَالِكَ ٱلۡوَلَٰيَةُ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ هُوَ خَيۡرٞ ثَوَابٗا وَخَيۡرٌ عُقۡبٗا ٤٤
There1 the authority is [completely] for Allāh, the Truth. He is best in reward and best in outcome.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., at such a time or on the Day of Judgement. ↩
18:45
وَٱضۡرِبۡ لَهُم مَّثَلَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا كَمَآءٍ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَٱخۡتَلَطَ بِهِۦ نَبَاتُ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَأَصۡبَحَ هَشِيمٗا تَذۡرُوهُ ٱلرِّيَٰحُۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ مُّقۡتَدِرًا ٤٥
And present to them the example of the life of this world, [its being] like rain which We send down from the sky, and the vegetation of the earth mingles with it1 and [then] it becomes dry remnants, scattered by the winds. And Allāh is ever, over all things, Perfect in Ability.
1 translator’s note
- Absorbs it, growing lush and thick. ↩