Al-Baqarah 2:105
The Cow · Juz 1 · Page 16
مَّا يَوَدُّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَلَا ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَخۡتَصُّ بِرَحۡمَتِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلۡفَضۡلِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ ١٠٥
Neither those who disbelieve from the People of the Scripture [i.e., the Jews and Christians] nor the polytheists wish that any good should be sent down to you from your Lord. But Allāh selects for His mercy whom He wills, and Allāh is the possessor of great bounty.
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Commentary on 2:105
اللغة:
(اختص) فعل متعدّ يقال خصّه بكذا واختصّه وخصّصه وأخصّه فاختصّ به وجميع ما فاؤه خاء وعينه صاد يدل على الاجتماع والتكاثر والانضمام كخصب المكان وأخصب أي وقع فيه الخصب وهو اجتماع النبت وتكاثره وخاصر المرأة قبض على خاصرتها قال عبد الرحمن بن حسان بن ثابت:
ثم خاصرتها إلى القبة الخضر ... اء تمشي في مرمر مسنون
وخصف الأوراق: اتبع بعضها ببعض وهم خصوم وخصاء ولا يكون ذلك إلا في اجتماع.
الإعراب:
(ما) نافية (يَوَدُّ) فعل مضارع مرفوع (الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا) فاعل يود وجملة كفروا صلة (مِنْ) حرف جر (أَهْلِ الْكِتابِ) مجرور بمن والجار والمجرور في محل نصب على الحال (وَلَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ) عطف على أهل الكتاب ودخلت لا للتأكيد ولو كانت في غير القرآن لجاز حذفها (أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ) أن وما في حيزها في تأويل مصدر مفعول يود وينزل مبني للمجهول (عَلَيْكُمْ) جار ومجرور متعلقان بينزل (مِنْ) حرف جر زائد (خَيْرٍ) مجرور لفظا مرفوع محلا على أنه نائب فاعل (مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ) صفة لخير (وَاللَّهُ) الواو استئنافية والله مبتدأ (يَخْتَصُّ) فعل مضارع مرفوع وفاعله مستتر تقديره هو والجملة خبر الله (بِرَحْمَتِهِ) جار ومجرور متعلقان بيختص (مِنْ) اسم موصول مفعول به (يَشاءُ) الجملة صلة الموصول (وَاللَّهُ) الواو عاطفة والله مبتدأ (ذُو الْفَضْلِ) خبر وعلامة رفعه الواو لأنه من الأسماء الخمسة (الْعَظِيمِ) نعت للفضل.
Page 16
2:102
وَٱتَّبَعُواْ مَا تَتۡلُواْ ٱلشَّيَٰطِينُ عَلَىٰ مُلۡكِ سُلَيۡمَٰنَۖ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيۡمَٰنُ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلشَّيَٰطِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُعَلِّمُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ ٱلسِّحۡرَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَى ٱلۡمَلَكَيۡنِ بِبَابِلَ هَٰرُوتَ وَمَٰرُوتَۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنۡ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَآ إِنَّمَا نَحۡنُ فِتۡنَةٞ فَلَا تَكۡفُرۡۖ فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنۡهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِۦ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡمَرۡءِ وَزَوۡجِهِۦۚ وَمَا هُم بِضَآرِّينَ بِهِۦ مِنۡ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمۡ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمۡۚ وَلَقَدۡ عَلِمُواْ لَمَنِ ٱشۡتَرَىٰهُ مَا لَهُۥ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مِنۡ خَلَٰقٖۚ وَلَبِئۡسَ مَا شَرَوۡاْ بِهِۦٓ أَنفُسَهُمۡۚ لَوۡ كَانُواْ يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٠٢
And they followed [instead] what the devils had recited during the reign of Solomon. It was not Solomon who disbelieved, but the devils disbelieved, teaching people magic and that which was revealed to the two angels at Babylon, Hārūt and Mārūt. But they [i.e., the two angels] do not teach anyone unless they say, "We are a trial, so do not disbelieve [by practicing magic]."1 And [yet] they learn from them that by which they cause separation between a man and his wife. But they do not harm anyone through it except by permission of Allāh. And they [i.e., people] learn what harms them and does not benefit them. But they [i.e., the Children of Israel] certainly knew that whoever purchased it [i.e., magic] would not have in the Hereafter any share. And wretched is that for which they sold themselves, if they only knew.
1 translator’s note
- They warn people against the misuse of what they have learned. ↩
2:103
وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱتَّقَوۡاْ لَمَثُوبَةٞ مِّنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ خَيۡرٞۚ لَّوۡ كَانُواْ يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٠٣
And if they had believed and feared Allāh, then the reward from Allāh would have been [far] better, if they only knew.
2:104
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَقُولُواْ رَٰعِنَا وَقُولُواْ ٱنظُرۡنَا وَٱسۡمَعُواْۗ وَلِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ١٠٤
O you who have believed, say not [to Allāh's Messenger], "Rāʿinā" but say, "Unẓurnā"1 and listen. And for the disbelievers is a painful punishment.
1 translator’s note
- The word "rāʿinā" in Arabic literally means "consider us," i.e., give us time to hear you and listen to us. The Jews used to use the same word with the meaning of an insult. Therefore, the believers were ordered to avoid this expression and use instead the word "unẓurnā," i.e., "wait for us [so that we may understand]." ↩
2:105
مَّا يَوَدُّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَلَا ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَخۡتَصُّ بِرَحۡمَتِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلۡفَضۡلِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ ١٠٥
Neither those who disbelieve from the People of the Scripture [i.e., the Jews and Christians] nor the polytheists wish that any good should be sent down to you from your Lord. But Allāh selects for His mercy whom He wills, and Allāh is the possessor of great bounty.