Al-BaqarahJuz 2 · Page 27

Al-Baqarah 2:180

The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 27

كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيۡرًا ٱلۡوَصِيَّةُ لِلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٨٠

Prescribed for you when death approaches [any] one of you if he leaves wealth [is that he should make] a bequest for the parents and near relatives according to what is acceptable - a duty upon the righteous.1

1 translator’s note
  1. This ruling was abrogated by the revelation in Sūrah an-Nisā’ stipulating obligatory shares for parents and close relatives. Those who do not inherit by law may be remembered in a bequest. See 4:11-12. ↩

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Commentary on 2:180

قال المؤلف في (دفع إيهام الإضطراب عن آيات الكتاب):

قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكم إذا حَضَرَ أحَدَكُمُ المَوْتُ إنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الوَصِيَّةُ﴾ الآيَةَ.

هَذِهِ الآيَةُ تُعارِضُ آياتِ المَوارِيثِ بِضَمِيمَةِ بَيانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، لِأنَّ المَقْصُودَ مِنها إبْطالُ الوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوارِثِينَ مِنهم، وذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «إنَّ اللَّهَ أعْطى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلا وصِيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ» .

والجَوابُ ظاهِرٌ، وهو أنَّ آيَةَ الوَصِيَّةِ هَذِهِ مَنسُوخَةٌ بِآياتِ المَوارِيثِ، والحَدِيثُ المَذْكُورُ بَيانٌ لِلنّاسِخِ، وذَهَبَ بَعْضُ العُلَماءِ إلى أنَّها مُحْكَمَةٌ لا مَنسُوخَةٌ، وانْتَصَرَ لِهَذا القَوْلِ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ غايَةَ الِانْتِصارِ ؟ وعَلى القَوْلِ بِأنَّها مُحْكَمَةٌ فَهي مِنَ العامِّ المَخْصُوصِ، فالوالِدانِ والأقْرَبُونَ الَّذِينَ لا يَرِثُونَ لا وصِيَّةَ لَهم، بِدَلِيلِ آياتِ المَوارِيثِ والحَدِيثِ، وأمّا (p-٢٢١)الوالِدانِ اللَّذانِ لا مِيراثَ لَهُما كالرَّقِيقَيْنِ، والأقارِبِ الَّذِينَ لا يَرِثُونَ فَتَجِبُ لَهُمُ الوَصِيَّةُ عَلى هَذا القَوْلِ، ولَكِنَّ مَذْهَبَ الجُمْهُورِ خِلافُهُ.

وَحَكى العَبّادِيُّ في الآياتِ البَيِّناتِ الإجْماعَ عَلى أنَّها مَنسُوخَةٌ، مَعَ أنَّ جَماعَةً مِنَ العُلَماءِ قالُوا بِعَدَمِ النَّسْخِ.

قالَ مُقَيِّدُهُ عَفا اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: التَّحْقِيقُ أنَّ النَّسْخَ واقِعٌ فِيها يَقِينًا في البَعْضِ، لِأنَّ الوَصِيَّةَ لِلْوالِدَيْنِ الوارِثَيْنِ والأقارِبِ الوارِثِينَ رُفِعَ حُكْمُها بَعْدَ تُقَرُّرِهِ إجْماعًا، وذَلِكَ نَسْخٌ في البَعْضِ لا تَخْصِيصٌ، لِأنَّ التَّخْصِيصَ قَصْرُ العامِّ عَلى بَعْضِ أفْرادِهِ الدَّلِيلَ، أمّا رَفْعُ حُكْمٍ مُعَيَّنٍ بَعْدَ تَقَرُّرِهِ فَهو نَسْخٌ لا تَخْصِيصٌ كَما هو ظاهِرٌ، وقَدْ تَقَرَّرَ في عِلْمِ الأُصُولِ أنَّ تَخْصِيصَ بَعْضِ العَمَلِ بِالعامِّ نَسْخٌ، وإلَيْهِ الإشارَةُ بِقَوْلِ صاحِبِ مَراقِي السُّعُودِ:

؎وَإنْ أتى ما خُصَّ بَعْدَ العَمَلِ نُسِخَ والغَيْرُ مُخَصِّصًا جَلى

واللَّهُ تَعالى أعْلَمُ.

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Page 27

Al-BaqarahJuz 2 · Page 27

2:177

۞ لَّيۡسَ ٱلۡبِرَّ أَن تُوَلُّواْ وُجُوهَكُمۡ قِبَلَ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقِ وَٱلۡمَغۡرِبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلۡبِرَّ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَءَاتَى ٱلۡمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ ذَوِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينَ وَٱبۡنَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَٱلسَّآئِلِينَ وَفِي ٱلرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَى ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلۡمُوفُونَ بِعَهۡدِهِمۡ إِذَا عَٰهَدُواْۖ وَٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ فِي ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ وَحِينَ ٱلۡبَأۡسِۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَ ١٧٧

Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in Allāh, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask [for help], and for freeing slaves; [and who] establishes prayer and gives zakāh; [those who] fulfill their promise when they promise; and [those who] are patient in poverty and hardship and during battle. Those are the ones who have been true, and it is those who are the righteous.

2:178

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡقِصَاصُ فِي ٱلۡقَتۡلَىۖ ٱلۡحُرُّ بِٱلۡحُرِّ وَٱلۡعَبۡدُ بِٱلۡعَبۡدِ وَٱلۡأُنثَىٰ بِٱلۡأُنثَىٰۚ فَمَنۡ عُفِيَ لَهُۥ مِنۡ أَخِيهِ شَيۡءٞ فَٱتِّبَاعُۢ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَأَدَآءٌ إِلَيۡهِ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ ذَٰلِكَ تَخۡفِيفٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَةٞۗ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُۥ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ١٧٨

O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered - the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female.1 But whoever overlooks from his brother [i.e., the killer] anything,2 then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him [i.e., the deceased's heir or legal representative] with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that3 will have a painful punishment.

3 translator’s notes
  1. No one else should be executed in place of the killer.

    [62] By accepting compensation payment rather than execution.

    [63] After acceptance of compensation.

    ↩
  2. ↩
  3. ↩

2:179

وَلَكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡقِصَاصِ حَيَوٰةٞ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ ١٧٩

And there is for you in legal retribution [saving of] life, O you [people] of understanding, that you may become righteous.1

1 translator’s note
  1. Or, "that you may avoid [sin]." ↩

2:180

كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيۡرًا ٱلۡوَصِيَّةُ لِلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٨٠

Prescribed for you when death approaches [any] one of you if he leaves wealth [is that he should make] a bequest for the parents and near relatives according to what is acceptable - a duty upon the righteous.1

1 translator’s note
  1. This ruling was abrogated by the revelation in Sūrah an-Nisā’ stipulating obligatory shares for parents and close relatives. Those who do not inherit by law may be remembered in a bequest. See 4:11-12. ↩

2:181

فَمَنۢ بَدَّلَهُۥ بَعۡدَ مَا سَمِعَهُۥ فَإِنَّمَآ إِثۡمُهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ١٨١

Then whoever alters it [i.e., the bequest] after he has heard it - the sin is only upon those who have altered it. Indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

Ash-ShinqitiTafsir · 2:180

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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