Al-Baqarah 2:19
The Cow · Juz 1 · Page 4
أَوۡ كَصَيِّبٖ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَٰتٞ وَرَعۡدٞ وَبَرۡقٞ يَجۡعَلُونَ أَصَٰبِعَهُمۡ فِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِم مِّنَ ٱلصَّوَٰعِقِ حَذَرَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ مُحِيطُۢ بِٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٩
Or [it is] like a rainstorm from the sky within which is darkness, thunder and lightning. They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps in dread of death. But Allāh is encompassing1 of the disbelievers.
1 translator’s note
- Allāh states in the Qur’ān that He has certain attributes such as hearing, sight, hands, face, mercy, anger, coming, encompassing, being above the Throne, etc. Yet, He has disassociated Himself from the limitations of human attributes or human imagination. Correct Islāmic belief requires faith in the existence of these attributes as Allāh has described them without applying to them any allegorical meanings or attempting to explain how a certain quality could be (while this is known only to Allāh) and without comparing them to creation or denying that He (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) would have such a quality. His attributes are befitting to Him alone, and "There is nothing like unto Him." (42:11) ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Makki ibn Abi Talib
Medium
Change
Commentary on 2:19
قوله: ﴿أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ﴾ الآية.
الصَّيِّب: المطر، وأصله "صَيْوِبٌ" عند البصريين من "صابَ "يَصُوبُ"، والصَّوْبُ: نزول المطر. يقال: "صَابَ المطر" إذا نزل.
وقال الكوفيون: "أصله صَوِيب على فعيلٍ كَرَغِيفٍ، ويلزمهم ألا يعلوه كما لم يعلوا "طويلاً". واعتل عند البصريين لأن الياء إذا أسكنت وأتت بعدها واو، قلب من الواو ياء وأدغمت الأولى في الثانية "كَمَيِّتٍ" و "هَيِّنٍ".
وقيل: الصَّيِب: السحاب الذي فيه المطر، لا المطر، روي عن ابن عباس.
ومعنى: صاب: نزل وقصد. والمعنى أن الله جل ذكره أباح للمؤمنين أن يمثلوا المنافقين بالذي استوقد ناراً أو بالصيب. و "أو" للإباحة. وجمع "صيب": صيائب.
والرعد: مختلف فيه، فقال مجاهد: "هو ملك يزجر السحاب بصوته، فالمسموع صوته".
وقال شهر بن حوشب: "الرعد ملك يتوكل بالسحاب يسوقه كما يسوق الحادي الإبل يسبح كلما خالفت سحابة صاح بها، فإذا اشتد غضبه، طارت النار من فيه فهي الصواعق".
وقال ابن عباس: "الرعد ريح"، قيل: إنها تختنق تحت السحاب، فتتصاعد فيكون منه ذلك الصوت.
وروى مجاهد عن ابن عباس أنه قال: "الرعد اسم ملك، وصوته هذا تسبيحه، فإذا اشتد زجره بالسحاب، اضطرم السحاب من خوفه فيحتك، فتخرج الصواعق من بينه".
ومعنى الآية عند ابن عباس أنه مثل ضربه الله في المنافقين، فالظلمات ما هم فيه من الكفر والحذر من القتل على ما أبطنوا.
ومعنى: ﴿يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَٰرَهُمْ﴾ أي يكاد الحق الذي دعوا إليه فخالفوه أن يهلكهم.
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وقوله: ﴿مُحِيطٌ بِٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ﴾ أي جامعهم بقوة.
Page 4
2:17
مَثَلُهُمۡ كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِي ٱسۡتَوۡقَدَ نَارٗا فَلَمَّآ أَضَآءَتۡ مَا حَوۡلَهُۥ ذَهَبَ ٱللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمۡ وَتَرَكَهُمۡ فِي ظُلُمَٰتٖ لَّا يُبۡصِرُونَ ١٧
Their example is that of one who kindled a fire, but when it illuminated what was around him, Allāh took away their light and left them in darkness [so] they could not see.
2:18
صُمُّۢ بُكۡمٌ عُمۡيٞ فَهُمۡ لَا يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٨
Deaf, dumb and blind - so they will not return [to the right path].
2:19
أَوۡ كَصَيِّبٖ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَٰتٞ وَرَعۡدٞ وَبَرۡقٞ يَجۡعَلُونَ أَصَٰبِعَهُمۡ فِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِم مِّنَ ٱلصَّوَٰعِقِ حَذَرَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ مُحِيطُۢ بِٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٩
Or [it is] like a rainstorm from the sky within which is darkness, thunder and lightning. They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps in dread of death. But Allāh is encompassing1 of the disbelievers.
1 translator’s note
- Allāh states in the Qur’ān that He has certain attributes such as hearing, sight, hands, face, mercy, anger, coming, encompassing, being above the Throne, etc. Yet, He has disassociated Himself from the limitations of human attributes or human imagination. Correct Islāmic belief requires faith in the existence of these attributes as Allāh has described them without applying to them any allegorical meanings or attempting to explain how a certain quality could be (while this is known only to Allāh) and without comparing them to creation or denying that He (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) would have such a quality. His attributes are befitting to Him alone, and "There is nothing like unto Him." (42:11) ↩
2:20
يَكَادُ ٱلۡبَرۡقُ يَخۡطَفُ أَبۡصَٰرَهُمۡۖ كُلَّمَآ أَضَآءَ لَهُم مَّشَوۡاْ فِيهِ وَإِذَآ أَظۡلَمَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَامُواْۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمۡعِهِمۡ وَأَبۡصَٰرِهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ٢٠
The lightning almost snatches away their sight. Every time it lights [the way] for them, they walk therein; but when darkness comes over them, they stand [still]. And if Allāh had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allāh is over all things competent.
2:21
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱعۡبُدُواْ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُمۡ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ ٢١
O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous -
2:22
ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِرَٰشٗا وَٱلسَّمَآءَ بِنَآءٗ وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ فَأَخۡرَجَ بِهِۦ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ رِزۡقٗا لَّكُمۡۖ فَلَا تَجۡعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ أَندَادٗا وَأَنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٢
[He] who made for you the earth a bed [spread out] and the sky a ceiling and sent down from the sky, rain and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you. So do not attribute to Allāh equals while you know [that there is nothing similar to Him].
2:23
وَإِن كُنتُمۡ فِي رَيۡبٖ مِّمَّا نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا فَأۡتُواْ بِسُورَةٖ مِّن مِّثۡلِهِۦ وَٱدۡعُواْ شُهَدَآءَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ ٢٣
And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down [i.e., the Qur’ān] upon Our Servant [i.e., Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)], then produce a sūrah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses [i.e., supporters] other than Allāh, if you should be truthful.
2:24
فَإِن لَّمۡ تَفۡعَلُواْ وَلَن تَفۡعَلُواْ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِي وَقُودُهَا ٱلنَّاسُ وَٱلۡحِجَارَةُۖ أُعِدَّتۡ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢٤
But if you do not - and you will never be able to - then fear the Fire, whose fuel is people and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.