Al-BaqarahJuz 2 · Page 30

Al-Baqarah 2:194

The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 30

ٱلشَّهۡرُ ٱلۡحَرَامُ بِٱلشَّهۡرِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَٱلۡحُرُمَٰتُ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱعۡتَدُواْ عَلَيۡهِ بِمِثۡلِ مَا ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٩٤

[Battle in] the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month,1 and for [all] violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is with those who fear Him.

1 translator’s note
  1. The sacred months are Dhul-Qaʿdah, Dhul-Ḥijjah, Muḥarram and Rajab. ↩

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Commentary on 2:194

قوله تعالى: {الشهر الحرام بالشهر} مبتدأٌ خبرُه الجارُّ بعده، ولا بُدَّ من حَذْفِ مضافٍ/ تقديرُه: انتهاكُ حرمةِ الشهرِ الحرام بانتهاكِ حرمةِ الشهرِ، والألفُ واللامُ في الشهر الأول والثاني للعهد، لأنهما معلومان عند المخاطبين، فإنَّ الأولَ ذو القعدة من سنة سبع، والثاني من سنة ست.

وقرىء: «والحُرْمات» بسكون الراء، ويُعْزى للحسن، وقد تقدَّم أنَّ جمعُ فَعْلَة بشروطِها يجوزُ فيه ثلاثة أوجه: هذان الاثنانِ وفَتْحُ العين، عند قوله {فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ} [البقرة: 17] وقوله: {فَمَنِ اعتدى} يجوزُ في «مَنْ» وجهان، أحدُهما: أن تكونَ شرطيةً وهو الظاهرُ فتكونُ الفاء جواباً. والثاني: أن تكونَ موصولةً فتكونَ الفاءُ زائدةً في الخبر، وقد تقدَّم لذلك نظائر.

قوله: {بِمِثْلِ مَا اعتدى} في الباء قولان، أحدُهما: أن تكونَ غيرَ زائدةٍ، بل تكونُ متعلقةً باعتدوا، والمعنى بعقوبةٍ مثلِ جنايةِ اعتدائِه. والثاني: أنها زائدةٌ أي: مثلَ اعتدائه، فتكون: إمّا نعتاً لمصدرٍ محذوف أي: اعتداء مماثلاُ لاعتدائه، وإمَّا حالاً من المصدرِ المحذوفِ كما هو مذهبُ سيبويه أي: فاعتدوا الاعتداء مُشْبِهاً اعتداءَه. و «ما» يجوزُ أن تكونَ مصدريةً فلا تفتقر إلى عائدٍ، وأَنْ تكونَ موصولةً فيكونُ العائدُ محذوفاً، أي: مثلَ ما اعتدى عليكم به، وجاز حذفُه لأنَّ المضافَ إلى الموصول قد جُرَّ بحرفٍ جُرَّ به العائدُ واتَّحد المتعلَّقان.

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Page 30

Al-BaqarahJuz 2 · Page 30

2:191

وَٱقۡتُلُوهُمۡ حَيۡثُ ثَقِفۡتُمُوهُمۡ وَأَخۡرِجُوهُم مِّنۡ حَيۡثُ أَخۡرَجُوكُمۡۚ وَٱلۡفِتۡنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ ٱلۡقَتۡلِۚ وَلَا تُقَٰتِلُوهُمۡ عِندَ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِيهِۖ فَإِن قَٰتَلُوكُمۡ فَٱقۡتُلُوهُمۡۗ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٩١

And kill them [in battle] wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah1 is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al-Ḥarām until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.

1 translator’s note
  1. Among the meanings of fitnah are disbelief and its imposition on others, discord, dissension, civil strife, persecution, oppression, injustice, seduction, terrorism, trial and torment. ↩

2:192

فَإِنِ ٱنتَهَوۡاْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٩٢

And if they cease, then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

2:193

وَقَٰتِلُوهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتۡنَةٞ وَيَكُونَ ٱلدِّينُ لِلَّهِۖ فَإِنِ ٱنتَهَوۡاْ فَلَا عُدۡوَٰنَ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ١٩٣

Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah and [until] religion [i.e., worship] is [acknowledged to be] for Allāh. But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression [i.e., assault] except against the oppressors.

2:194

ٱلشَّهۡرُ ٱلۡحَرَامُ بِٱلشَّهۡرِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَٱلۡحُرُمَٰتُ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱعۡتَدُواْ عَلَيۡهِ بِمِثۡلِ مَا ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٩٤

[Battle in] the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month,1 and for [all] violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is with those who fear Him.

1 translator’s note
  1. The sacred months are Dhul-Qaʿdah, Dhul-Ḥijjah, Muḥarram and Rajab. ↩

2:195

وَأَنفِقُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تُلۡقُواْ بِأَيۡدِيكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلتَّهۡلُكَةِ وَأَحۡسِنُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٩٥

And spend in the way of Allāh and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.

2:196

وَأَتِمُّواْ ٱلۡحَجَّ وَٱلۡعُمۡرَةَ لِلَّهِۚ فَإِنۡ أُحۡصِرۡتُمۡ فَمَا ٱسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ ٱلۡهَدۡيِۖ وَلَا تَحۡلِقُواْ رُءُوسَكُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ ٱلۡهَدۡيُ مَحِلَّهُۥۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوۡ بِهِۦٓ أَذٗى مِّن رَّأۡسِهِۦ فَفِدۡيَةٞ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوۡ صَدَقَةٍ أَوۡ نُسُكٖۚ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمۡ فَمَن تَمَتَّعَ بِٱلۡعُمۡرَةِ إِلَى ٱلۡحَجِّ فَمَا ٱسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ ٱلۡهَدۡيِۚ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَٰثَةِ أَيَّامٖ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّ وَسَبۡعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعۡتُمۡۗ تِلۡكَ عَشَرَةٞ كَامِلَةٞۗ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ أَهۡلُهُۥ حَاضِرِي ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ١٩٦

And complete the ḥajj and ʿumrah for Allāh. But if you are prevented, then [offer] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity1 or sacrifice.2 And when you are secure,3 then whoever performs ʿumrah [during the ḥajj months]4 followed by ḥajj [offers] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find [or afford such an animal] - then a fast of three days during ḥajj and of seven when you have returned [home]. Those are ten complete [days]. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Ḥarām. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is severe in penalty.

4 translator’s notes
  1. Feeding six needy persons.

    [72] The slaughter of a sheep or goat.

    [73] Under normal conditions, i.e., are not prevented.

    [74] The months of Shawwāl, Dhul-Qaʿdah and Dhul-Ḥijjah.

    ↩
  2. ↩
  3. ↩
  4. ↩
As-Samin al-HalabiTafsir · 2:194

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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