Al-Baqarah 2:213
The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 33
كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِۚ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ ٢١٣
Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then Allāh sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed. And none differed over it [i.e., the Scripture] except those who were given it - after the clear proofs came to them - out of jealous animosity among themselves. And Allāh guided those who believed to the truth concerning that over which they had differed, by His permission. And Allāh guides whom He wills to a straight path.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Mawardi
Medium
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Commentary on 2:213
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿كانَ النّاسُ أُمَّةً واحِدَةً﴾ في قَوْلِهِ: ﴿أُمَّةً واحِدَةً﴾ خَمْسَةُ أقاوِيلَ: أحَدُها: أنَّهم كانُوا عَلى الكُفْرِ، وهَذا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ والحَسَنِ.
والثّانِي: أنَّهم كانُوا عَلى الحَقِّ، وهو قَوْلُ قَتادَةَ والضَّحّاكِ.
والثّالِثُ: أنَّهُ آدَمُ كانَ عَلى الحَقِّ إمامًا لِذُرِّيَّتِهِ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ في ولَدِهِ، وهَذا قَوْلُ مُجاهِدٍ.
والرّابِعُ: أنَّهم عَشْرُ فِرَقٍ كانُوا بَيْنَ آدَمَ ونُوحٍ عَلى شَرِيعَةٍ مِنَ الحَقِّ فاخْتَلَفُوا، وهَذا قَوْلُ عِكْرِمَةَ.
والخامِسُ: أنَّهُ أرادَ جَمِيعَ النّاسِ كانُوا أُمَّةً واحِدَةً عَلى دِينٍ واحِدٍ يَوْمَ اسْتَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ ذُرِّيَّةَ آدَمَ مِن صُلْبِهِ، فَعَرَضَهم عَلى آدَمَ، فَأقَرُّوا بِالعُبُودِيَّةِ والإسْلامِ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.
وَكانَ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ يَقْرَأُ: كانَ البَشَرُ أُمَّةً واحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ ومُنْذِرِينَ وهَذا قَوْلُ الرَّبِيعِ وابْنِ زَيْدٍ.
وَفي قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وَما اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ﴾ قَوْلانِ: أحَدُهُما: في الحَقِّ.
والثّانِي: في الكِتابِ وهو التَّوْراةُ.
﴿إلا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ﴾ يَعْنِي اليَهُودَ.
﴿مِن بَعْدِ ما جاءَتْهُمُ البَيِّناتُ﴾ يَعْنِي الحُجَجَ والدَّلائِلَ ﴿بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ مَصْدَرٌ مِن قَوْلِ القائِلِ: بَغى فُلانٌ عَلى فُلانٍ، إذا اعْتَدى عَلَيْهِ.
﴿فَهَدى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِما اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الحَقِّ بِإذْنِهِ﴾ فِيهِ ثَلاثَةُ أقاوِيلَ: (p-٢٧٢)
أحَدُها: أرادَ الجُمُعَةَ، لِأنَّ أهْلَ الكِتابِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيها فَضَلُّوا عَنْها، فَجَعَلَها اليَهُودُ السَّبْتَ، وجَعَلَها النَّصارى الأحَدَ، فَهَدى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِما اخْتَلَفُوا مِنَ الحَقِّ بِإذْنِهِ، فَهَدى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إلَيْها، وهَذا قَوْلُ أبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.
والثّانِي: أنَّهُمُ اخْتَلَفُوا في الصَّلاةِ، فَمِنهم مَن يُصَلِّي إلى الشَّرْقِ ومِنهم مَن يُصَلِّي إلى بَيْتِ المَقْدِسِ، فَهَدانا اللَّهُ لِلْقِبْلَةِ، وهَذا قَوْلُ ابْنِ زَيْدٍ.
والثّالِثُ: أنَّهُمُ اخْتَلَفُوا في الكُتُبِ المُنَزَّلَةِ، فَكَفَرَ بَعْضُهم بِكِتابِ بَعْضٍ فَهَدانا اللَّهُ لِلتَّصْدِيقِ بِجَمِيعِها.
Page 33
2:211
سَلۡ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ كَمۡ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُم مِّنۡ ءَايَةِۭ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَمَن يُبَدِّلۡ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٢١١
Ask the Children of Israel how many a sign of evidence We have given them. And whoever exchanges the favor of Allāh [for disbelief] after it has come to him - then indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
2:212
زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَيَسۡخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۘ وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوۡاْ فَوۡقَهُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَرۡزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٖ ٢١٢
Beautified for those who disbelieve is the life of this world, and they ridicule those who believe. But those who fear Allāh are above them on the Day of Resurrection. And Allāh gives provision to whom He wills without account.
2:213
كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِۚ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ ٢١٣
Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then Allāh sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed. And none differed over it [i.e., the Scripture] except those who were given it - after the clear proofs came to them - out of jealous animosity among themselves. And Allāh guided those who believed to the truth concerning that over which they had differed, by His permission. And Allāh guides whom He wills to a straight path.
2:214
أَمۡ حَسِبۡتُمۡ أَن تَدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأۡتِكُم مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۖ مَّسَّتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءُ وَٱلضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ مَتَىٰ نَصۡرُ ٱللَّهِۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ نَصۡرَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٞ ٢١٤
Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you? They were touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken until [even their] messenger and those who believed with him said, "When is the help of Allāh?" Unquestionably, the help of Allāh is near.
2:215
يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَۖ قُلۡ مَآ أَنفَقۡتُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَلِلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٞ ٢١٥
They ask you, [O Muḥammad], what they should spend. Say, "Whatever you spend of good is [to be] for parents and relatives and orphans and the needy and the traveler. And whatever you do of good - indeed, Allāh is Knowing of it."