Al-Baqarah 2:228
The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 36
وَٱلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٖۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَرۡحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤۡمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنۡ أَرَادُوٓاْ إِصۡلَٰحٗاۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثۡلُ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيۡهِنَّ دَرَجَةٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٢٢٨
Divorced women remain in waiting [i.e., do not remarry] for three periods,1 and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allāh has created in their wombs if they believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation.2 And due to them [i.e., the wives] is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable.3 But the men [i.e., husbands] have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
3 translator’s notes
Either menstrual periods or periods of purity between menstruation. See also 65:1-7.
[87] The husband may return her to himself during the ʿiddah period of a first and second divorce without a new marriage contract.
[88] The wife has specific rights upon her husband, just as the husband has rights upon her.
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Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-I'rab al-Muyassar
Medium
Change
Commentary on 2:228
﴿والمطلقات﴾: الواو استئنافية، والمطلقات مبتدأ.
﴿يتربصن﴾: فعل مضارع مبني على السكون، لاتصاله بنون النسوة، والنون فاعل، وجملة يتربصن خبر المطلقات.
﴿بأنفسهن﴾: الجار والمجرور متعلقان بيتربصن.
﴿ثلاثة قروء﴾: النصب على الظرفية الزمانية والظرف متعلق بيتربصن، أو: ثلاثة مفعول به ليتربصن. وجملة ﴿والمطلقات يتربصن...﴾ مستأنفة لا محل لها من الإعراب.
﴿ولا يحل لهن﴾: الواو عاطفة، ولا نافية، ويحل فعل مضارع معطوف على يتربصن.
﴿أن يكتمن﴾: أن حرف مصدري ونصب، ويكتمن فعل مضارع مبني على السكون في محل نصب بأن، ونون النسوة فاعل، وأن وما في حيزها في تأويل مصدر فاعل يحل.
﴿ما﴾: اسم موصول في محل نصب مفعول به.
﴿خلق الله﴾: فعل وفاعل، والجملة لا محل لها من الإعراب، لأنها صلة الموصول.
﴿في أرحامهن﴾: الجار والمجرور متعلقان بخلق.
﴿إن﴾: شرطية.
﴿كن﴾: فعل ماض ناقص في محل جزم فعل الشرط، ونون النسوة ضمير متصل في محل رفع اسم كان.
﴿يؤمن﴾: خبر كن، وجواب الشرط محذوف دل عليه ما قبله.
﴿بالله﴾: الباء حرف جر ولفظ الجلالة ﴿الله﴾ اسم مجرور وعلامة الجر الكسرة والجار والمجرور متعلقان بيؤمن.
﴿واليوم الآخر﴾: عطف على لفظ الجلالة.
﴿وبعولتهن﴾: الواو عاطفة، وبعولتهن مبتدأ.
﴿أحق﴾: خبر.
﴿بردهن﴾: الجار والمجرور متعلقان بأحق.
﴿في ذلك﴾: الجار والمجرور متعلقان بمحذوف حال.
﴿إن أرادوا إصلاحا﴾: إن حرف شرط جازم، أرادوا فعل ماض مبني على الضم في محل جزم فعل الشرط، والجواب محذوف تقديره: فبعولتهن أحق بردهن، والواو فاعل، إصلاحًا مفعول به.
﴿ولهن﴾: الواو عاطفة، والجار والمجرور متعلقان بمحذوف خبر مقدم.
﴿مثل الذي عليهن بالمعروف﴾: مثل مبتدأ مؤخر، واسم الموصول مضاف إليه، و﴿عليهن﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان بمحذوف خبر لمبتدأ محذوف، والجملة صلة الموصول لا محل لها من الإعراب، وبالمعروف جار ومجرور متعلقان بمحذوف حال.
﴿وللرجال﴾: الواو عاطفة، والجار والمجرور متعلقان بمحذوف خبر مقدم.
﴿عليهن﴾: الجار والمجرور متعلقان بمحذوف حال، لأنه تقدم على موصوفه.
﴿درجة﴾: مبتدأ مؤخر.
﴿والله عزيز حكيم﴾: الواو استئنافية، ولفظ الجلالة مبتدأ، وعزيز حكيم خبراه. والجملة مستأنفة لا محل لها من الإعراب.
Page 36
2:225
لَّا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغۡوِ فِيٓ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ قُلُوبُكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ ٢٢٥
Allāh does not impose blame upon you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He imposes blame upon you for what your hearts have earned. And Allāh is Forgiving and Forbearing.1
1 translator’s note
- Overlooking many violations, postponing penalty and granting opportunities for repentance and rectification despite having the power to punish immediately. ↩
2:226
لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤۡلُونَ مِن نِّسَآئِهِمۡ تَرَبُّصُ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَشۡهُرٖۖ فَإِن فَآءُو فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢٢٦
For those who swear not to have sexual relations with their wives1 is a waiting time of four months, but if they return [to normal relations] - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- Without divorcing them. By such an oath the woman is deprived of her right in marriage but is not free to marry another. She may not be kept in such a condition beyond the four-month limit. ↩
2:227
وَإِنۡ عَزَمُواْ ٱلطَّلَٰقَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٢٧
And if they decide on divorce - then indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
2:228
وَٱلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٖۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَرۡحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤۡمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنۡ أَرَادُوٓاْ إِصۡلَٰحٗاۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثۡلُ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيۡهِنَّ دَرَجَةٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٢٢٨
Divorced women remain in waiting [i.e., do not remarry] for three periods,1 and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allāh has created in their wombs if they believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation.2 And due to them [i.e., the wives] is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable.3 But the men [i.e., husbands] have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
3 translator’s notes
Either menstrual periods or periods of purity between menstruation. See also 65:1-7.
[87] The husband may return her to himself during the ʿiddah period of a first and second divorce without a new marriage contract.
[88] The wife has specific rights upon her husband, just as the husband has rights upon her.
↩- ↩
- ↩
2:229
ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِيحُۢ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُواْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٢٩
Divorce is twice. Then [after that], either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allāh.1 But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allāh, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allāh, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allāh - it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].
1 translator’s note
- i.e., deal fairly with each other. ↩
2:230
فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ حَتَّىٰ تَنكِحَ زَوۡجًا غَيۡرَهُۥۗ فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَآ أَن يَتَرَاجَعَآ إِن ظَنَّآ أَن يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٠
And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him.1 And if he [i.e., the latter husband] divorces her [or dies], there is no blame upon them [i.e., the woman and her former husband] for returning to each other if they think that they can keep [within] the limits of Allāh. These are the limits of Allāh, which He makes clear to a people who know [i.e.,understand].
1 translator’s note
- With the intention of permanence, not merely in order to return to the previous husband. ↩