Al-Baqarah 2:229
The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 36
ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِيحُۢ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُواْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٢٩
Divorce is twice. Then [after that], either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allāh.1 But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allāh, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allāh, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allāh - it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].
1 translator’s note
- i.e., deal fairly with each other. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
An-Nasafi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 2:229
﴿الطَلاقُ مَرَّتانِ﴾ الطَلاقُ بِمَعْنى التَطْلِيقِ، كالسَلامِ بِمَعْنى التَسْلِيمِ، أيِ:التَطْلِيقُ الشَرْعِيُّ تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَعْدَ تَطْلِيقَةٍ عَلى التَفْرِيقِ، دُونَ الجَمْعِ والإرْسالِ دُفْعَةً واحِدَةً، ولَمْ يُرَدْ بِالمَرَّتَيْنِ التَثْنِيَةُ ولَكِنِ التَكْرِيرُ، كَقَوْلِهِ: ﴿ثُمَّ ارْجِعِ البَصَرَ كَرَّتَيْنِ﴾ [المُلْكُ: ٤] أيْ: كَرَّةً بَعْدَ كَرَّةٍ، لا كَرَّتَيْنِ اثْنَتَيْنِ. وهو دَلِيلٌ لَنا في أنَّ الجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الطَلْقَتَيْنِ والثَلاثَةِ بِدْعَةٌ في طُهْرٍ واحِدٍ، لِأنَّ اللهَ تَعالى أمَرَنا بِالتَفْرِيقِ، لِأنَّهُ وإنْ كانَ ظاهِرُهُ الخَبَرَ فَمَعْناهُ الأمْرُ، وإلّا يُؤَدِّي إلى الخَلْفِ في خَبَرِ اللهِ تَعالى، لِأنَّ الطَلاقَ عَلى وجْهِ الجَمْعِ قَدْ يُوجَدُ، وقِيلَ: قالَتْ أنْصارِيَّةٌ: إنَّ زَوْجِي قالَ: لا أزالُ أُطَلِّقُكِ ثُمَّ أُراجِعُكِ، فَنَزَلَتْ ﴿الطَلاقُ مَرَّتانِ﴾ أيِ:الطَلاقُ الرَجْعِيُّ مَرَّتانِ، لِأنَّهُ لا رَجْعَةَ بَعْدَ الثالِثِ.
﴿فَإمْساكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ بِرَجْعَةٍ. (p-١٩١)والمَعْنى: فالواجِبُ عَلَيْكم إمْساكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ ﴿أوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإحْسانٍ﴾ بِألا يُراجِعَها حَتّى تَبَيَّنَ بِالعِدَّةِ. وقِيلَ. بِأنْ يُطَلِّقَها الثالِثَةَ في الطُهْرِ الثالِثِ، ونَزَلَ في جَمِيلَةَ وزَوْجِها ثابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمّاسٍ، وكانَتْ تُبْغِضُهُ، وهو يُحِبُّها، وقَدْ أعْطاها حَدِيقَةً، فاخْتَلَعَتْ مِنهُ بِها، وهو أوَّلُ خُلْعٍ كانَ في الإسْلامِ ﴿وَلا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ﴾ أيُّها الأزْواجُ أوِ الحُكّامُ، لِأنَّهُمُ الآمِرُونَ بِالأخْذِ والإيتاءِ عِنْدَ التَرافُعِ إلَيْهِمْ، فَكَأنَّهُمُ الآخِذُونَ والمُؤْتُونَ،
﴿أنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا﴾ مِمّا أعْطَيْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنَ المُهُورِ ﴿إلا أنْ يَخافا ألا يُقِيما حُدُودَ اللهِ﴾ إلّا أنْ يَعْلَمَ الزَوْجانِ تَرْكَ إقامَةِ حُدُودِ اللهِ فِيما يَلْزَمُهُما مِن مَواجِبِ الزَوْجِيَّةِ، لِما يَحْدُثُ مِن نُشُوزِ المَرْأةِ، وسُوءِ خُلُقِها،
﴿فَإنْ خِفْتُمْ﴾ أيُّها الوُلاةُ، وجازَ أنْ يَكُونَ أوَّلُ الخِطابِ لِلْأزْواجِ، وآخِرُهُ لِلْحُكّامِ ﴿ألا يُقِيما حُدُودَ اللهِ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيْهِما﴾ فَلا جُناحَ عَلى الرَجُلِ فِيما أخَذَ، ولا عَلَيْها فِيما أعْطَتْ،
﴿فِيما افْتَدَتْ بِهِ﴾ فِيما افْتَدَتْ بِهِ نَفْسَها، واخْتَلَعَتْ بِهِ مِن بَذْلِ ما أُوتِيَتْ مِنَ المَهْرِ. (إلّا أنْ يُخافا) حَمْزَةُ عَلى البِناءِ لِلْمَفْعُولِ، وإبْدالُ (ألّا يُقِيما) مِن ألِفِ الضَمِيرِ، وهو مِن بَدَلِ الِاشْتِمالِ، نَحْوُ: خِيفَ زَيْدٌ تَرْكُهُ إقامَةَ حُدُودِ اللهِ ﴿تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللهِ﴾ أيْ: ما حَدَّ مِنَ النِكاحِ، واليَمِينِ، والإيلاءِ، والطَلاقِ، والخُلْعِ، وغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ.
﴿فَلا تَعْتَدُوها﴾ فَلا تَجاوَزُوها بِالمُخالَفَةِ ﴿وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظالِمُونَ﴾ الضارُّونَ أنْفُسَهم.
Page 36
2:225
لَّا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغۡوِ فِيٓ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ قُلُوبُكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ ٢٢٥
Allāh does not impose blame upon you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He imposes blame upon you for what your hearts have earned. And Allāh is Forgiving and Forbearing.1
1 translator’s note
- Overlooking many violations, postponing penalty and granting opportunities for repentance and rectification despite having the power to punish immediately. ↩
2:226
لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤۡلُونَ مِن نِّسَآئِهِمۡ تَرَبُّصُ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَشۡهُرٖۖ فَإِن فَآءُو فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢٢٦
For those who swear not to have sexual relations with their wives1 is a waiting time of four months, but if they return [to normal relations] - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- Without divorcing them. By such an oath the woman is deprived of her right in marriage but is not free to marry another. She may not be kept in such a condition beyond the four-month limit. ↩
2:227
وَإِنۡ عَزَمُواْ ٱلطَّلَٰقَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٢٧
And if they decide on divorce - then indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
2:228
وَٱلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٖۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَرۡحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤۡمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنۡ أَرَادُوٓاْ إِصۡلَٰحٗاۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثۡلُ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيۡهِنَّ دَرَجَةٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٢٢٨
Divorced women remain in waiting [i.e., do not remarry] for three periods,1 and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allāh has created in their wombs if they believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation.2 And due to them [i.e., the wives] is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable.3 But the men [i.e., husbands] have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
3 translator’s notes
Either menstrual periods or periods of purity between menstruation. See also 65:1-7.
[87] The husband may return her to himself during the ʿiddah period of a first and second divorce without a new marriage contract.
[88] The wife has specific rights upon her husband, just as the husband has rights upon her.
↩- ↩
- ↩
2:229
ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِيحُۢ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُواْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٢٩
Divorce is twice. Then [after that], either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allāh.1 But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allāh, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allāh, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allāh - it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].
1 translator’s note
- i.e., deal fairly with each other. ↩
2:230
فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ حَتَّىٰ تَنكِحَ زَوۡجًا غَيۡرَهُۥۗ فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَآ أَن يَتَرَاجَعَآ إِن ظَنَّآ أَن يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٠
And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him.1 And if he [i.e., the latter husband] divorces her [or dies], there is no blame upon them [i.e., the woman and her former husband] for returning to each other if they think that they can keep [within] the limits of Allāh. These are the limits of Allāh, which He makes clear to a people who know [i.e.,understand].
1 translator’s note
- With the intention of permanence, not merely in order to return to the previous husband. ↩