Al-Baqarah 2:231
The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 37
وَإِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٖۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارٗا لِّتَعۡتَدُواْۚ وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَدۡ ظَلَمَ نَفۡسَهُۥۚ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوٓاْ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ هُزُوٗاۚ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةِ يَعِظُكُم بِهِۦۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ ٢٣١
And when you divorce women and they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or release them according to acceptable terms, and do not keep them, intending harm, to transgress [against them]. And whoever does that has certainly wronged himself. And do not take the verses of Allāh in jest. And remember the favor of Allāh upon you and what has been revealed to you of the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and wisdom [i.e., the Prophet's sunnah] by which He instructs you. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is Knowing of all things.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn al-Jawzi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 2:231
(p-٢٦٧)قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَإذا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّساءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أجَلَهُنَّ﴾ قالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ: كانَ الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأتَهُ، ثُمَّ يُراجِعُها قَبْلَ انْقِضاءِ عَدَّتِها، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها [يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ ]، يُضارُّها [وَيُعْضِلُها ] بِذَلِكَ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآَيَةُ. والأجْلُ هاهُنا: زَمانُ العِدَّةِ. ومَعْنى البُلُوغِ هاهُنا: مُقارَبَةُ الأجَلِ دُونَ حَقِيقَةِ الِانْتِهاءِ إلَيْهِ، يُقالُ: بَلَغْتُ المَدِينَةَ: إذا قارَبْتُها، وبَلَغْتُها: إذا دَخَلَها. وإنَّما حَمَلَ العُلَماءُ هَذا البُلُوغَ عَلى المُقارَبَةِ، لِأنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَعْدَ انْقِضاءِ العِدَّةِ رَجْعَةً.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿فَأمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ قالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ، والحَسَنُ، ومُجاهِدٌ، وقَتادَةُ: المُرادُ بِهِ الرَّجْعَةُ قَبْلَ انْقِضاءِ العِدَّةِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿أوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ وهو تَرْكُها حَتّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُها. والمَعْرُوفُ في الإمْساكِ: القِيامُ بِما يَجِبُ لَها مِن حَقٍّ. والمَعْرُوفُ في التَّسْرِيحِ: أنْ لا يَقْصِدَ إضْرارَها، بِأنْ يُطِيلَ عِدَّتَها بِالمُراجَعَةِ، وهو مَعْنى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا﴾ قالَهُ الحَسَنُ، ومُجاهِدٌ، وقَتادَةُ في آَخَرِينَ. وقالَ الضَّحّاكُ: إنَّما كَنُّوا يُضارُّونَ المَرْأةَ لِتَفْتَدِيَ ﴿وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ﴾ الِاعْتِداءَ، ﴿فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ﴾ بِارْتِكابِ الإثْمِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَلا تَتَّخِذُوا آياتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا﴾ فِيهِ قَوْلانِ. أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُ الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ، أوْ يُراجِعُ، أوْ يَعْتِقُ، ويَقُولُ: كُنْتُ لاعِبًا. رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وأبِي الدَّرْداءِ، والحَسَنِ. والثّانِي: أنَّهُ المُضارُّ بِزَوْجَتِهِ في تَطْوِيلِ عِدَّتِها بِالمُراجَعَةِ والطَّلاقِ. قالَهُ مَسْرُوقٌ، ومُقاتِلٌ.
**
(p-٢٦٨)﴿واذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكم وما أنْزَلَ عَلَيْكم مِنَ الكِتابِ والحِكْمَةِ يَعِظُكم بِهِ﴾ قالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ: احْفَظُوا مِنَّتَهُ عَلَيْكم بِالإسْلامِ. قالَ، والكِتابُ: القُرْآَنُ. والحِكْمَةُ: الفِقْهُ. ﴿واتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ في الضِّرارِ ﴿واعْلَمُوا أنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ﴾ بِهِ وبِغَيْرِهِ ﴿عَلِيمٌ﴾
Page 37
2:231
وَإِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٖۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارٗا لِّتَعۡتَدُواْۚ وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَدۡ ظَلَمَ نَفۡسَهُۥۚ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوٓاْ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ هُزُوٗاۚ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةِ يَعِظُكُم بِهِۦۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ ٢٣١
And when you divorce women and they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or release them according to acceptable terms, and do not keep them, intending harm, to transgress [against them]. And whoever does that has certainly wronged himself. And do not take the verses of Allāh in jest. And remember the favor of Allāh upon you and what has been revealed to you of the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and wisdom [i.e., the Prophet's sunnah] by which He instructs you. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is Knowing of all things.
2:232
وَإِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعۡضُلُوهُنَّ أَن يَنكِحۡنَ أَزۡوَٰجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَٰضَوۡاْ بَيۡنَهُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ ذَٰلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِۦ مَن كَانَ مِنكُمۡ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۗ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَزۡكَىٰ لَكُمۡ وَأَطۡهَرُۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٢
And when you divorce women1 and they have fulfilled their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands if they [i.e., all parties] agree among themselves on an acceptable basis. That is instructed to whoever of you believes in Allāh and the Last Day. That is better for you and purer, and Allāh knows and you know not.
1 translator’s note
- For the first or second time. ↩
2:233
۞ وَٱلۡوَٰلِدَٰتُ يُرۡضِعۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ حَوۡلَيۡنِ كَامِلَيۡنِۖ لِمَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ ٱلرَّضَاعَةَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمَوۡلُودِ لَهُۥ رِزۡقُهُنَّ وَكِسۡوَتُهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفۡسٌ إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۚ لَا تُضَآرَّ وَٰلِدَةُۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوۡلُودٞ لَّهُۥ بِوَلَدِهِۦۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡوَارِثِ مِثۡلُ ذَٰلِكَۗ فَإِنۡ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنۡهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٖ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَاۗ وَإِنۡ أَرَدتُّمۡ أَن تَسۡتَرۡضِعُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُمۡ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا سَلَّمۡتُم مَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ٢٣٣
Mothers may nurse [i.e., breastfeed] their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period]. Upon the father is their [i.e., the mothers'] provision and their clothing according to what is acceptable. No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father's] heir is [a duty] like that [of the father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation, there is no blame upon either of them. And if you wish to have your children nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give payment according to what is acceptable. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is Seeing of what you do.