Al-Baqarah 2:240
The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 39
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَصِيَّةٗ لِّأَزۡوَٰجِهِم مَّتَٰعًا إِلَى ٱلۡحَوۡلِ غَيۡرَ إِخۡرَاجٖۚ فَإِنۡ خَرَجۡنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي مَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَّعۡرُوفٖۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٤٠
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - for their wives is a bequest: maintenance for one year without turning [them] out. But if they leave [of their own accord], then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable way.1 And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
1 translator’s note
- This directive was abrogated by those later revealed in 2:234 and 4:12. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
An-Nasafi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 2:240
﴿والَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكم ويَذَرُونَ أزْواجًا وصِيَّةً لأزْواجِهِمْ﴾ بِالنَصْبِ، شامِيٌّ، وأبُو عَمْرٍو، وحَمْزَةُ، وحَفْصٌ، أيْ: فَلْيُوصُوا وصِيَّةً، عَنِ الزَجّاجِ. غَيْرُهم بِالرَفْعِ، أيْ: فَعَلَيْهِمْ وصِيَّةٌ ﴿مَتاعًا﴾ نَصْبٌ بِالوَصِيَّةِ، لِأنَّها مَصْدَرٌ، أوْ (p-٢٠١)تَقْدِيرُهُ: مَتِّعُوهُنَّ مَتاعًا.
﴿إلى الحَوْلِ﴾ صِفَةٌ لِمَتاعًا ﴿غَيْرَ إخْراجٍ﴾ مَصْدَرٌ مُؤَكِّدٌ، كَقَوْلِكَ: هَذا القَوْلُ غَيْرُ ما تَقُولُ، أوْ بَدَلٌ مِن مَتاعًا، والمَعْنى: أنَّ حَقَّ الَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ عَنْ أزْواجِهِمْ أنْ يُوصُوا قَبْلَ أنْ يُحْتَضَرُوا، بِأنَّ تَمَتُّعَ أزْواجِهِمْ بَعْدَهم حَوْلًا كامِلًا، أيْ: يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِن تَرِكَتِهِ، ولا يُخْرَجْنَ مِن مَساكِنِهِنَّ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ مَشْرُوعًا في أوَّلِ الإسْلامِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿والَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكم ويَذَرُونَ أزْواجًا﴾ إلى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿أرْبَعَةَ أشْهُرٍ وعَشْرًا﴾ والناسِخُ مُتَقَدِّمٌ عَلَيْهِ تِلاوَةً، ومُتَأخِّرٌ نُزُولًا، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿سَيَقُولُ السُفَهاءُ مِنَ الناسِ﴾ [البَقَرَةُ: ١٤٢] مَعَ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿قَدْ نَرى تَقَلُّبَ وجْهِكَ في السَماءِ﴾ [البَقَرَةُ: ١٤٤] ﴿فَإنْ خَرَجْنَ﴾ بَعْدَ الحَوْلِ ﴿فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيْكم في ما فَعَلْنَ في أنْفُسِهِنَّ﴾ مِنَ التَزَيُّنِ، والتَعَرُّضِ لِلْخُطّابِ.
﴿مِن مَعْرُوفٍ﴾ مِمّا لَيْسَ بِمُنْكَرٍ شَرْعًا ﴿واللهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ فِيما حَكَمَ.
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2:238
حَٰفِظُواْ عَلَى ٱلصَّلَوَٰتِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ٱلۡوُسۡطَىٰ وَقُومُواْ لِلَّهِ قَٰنِتِينَ ٢٣٨
Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle [i.e., ʿaṣr] prayer and stand before Allāh, devoutly obedient.
2:239
فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ فَرِجَالًا أَوۡ رُكۡبَانٗاۖ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمۡ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُم مَّا لَمۡ تَكُونُواْ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٩
And if you fear [an enemy, then pray] on foot or riding. But when you are secure, then remember Allāh [in prayer], as He has taught you that which you did not [previously] know.
2:240
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَصِيَّةٗ لِّأَزۡوَٰجِهِم مَّتَٰعًا إِلَى ٱلۡحَوۡلِ غَيۡرَ إِخۡرَاجٖۚ فَإِنۡ خَرَجۡنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي مَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَّعۡرُوفٖۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٤٠
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - for their wives is a bequest: maintenance for one year without turning [them] out. But if they leave [of their own accord], then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable way.1 And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
1 translator’s note
- This directive was abrogated by those later revealed in 2:234 and 4:12. ↩
2:241
وَلِلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتِ مَتَٰعُۢ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٢٤١
And for divorced women is a provision according to what is acceptable - a duty upon the righteous.
2:242
كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ٢٤٢
Thus does Allāh make clear to you His verses [i.e., laws] that you might use reason.
2:243
۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ خَرَجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَهُمۡ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مُوتُواْ ثُمَّ أَحۡيَٰهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَذُو فَضۡلٍ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَشۡكُرُونَ ٢٤٣
Have you not considered those who left their homes in many thousands, fearing death? Allāh said to them, "Die"; then He restored them to life. And Allāh is the possessor of bounty for the people, but most of the people do not show gratitude.
2:244
وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٤٤
And fight in the cause of Allāh and know that Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
2:245
مَّن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يُقۡرِضُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ لَهُۥٓ أَضۡعَافٗا كَثِيرَةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَقۡبِضُ وَيَبۡصُۜطُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ٢٤٥
Who is it that would loan Allāh a goodly loan so He may multiply it for him many times over? And it is Allāh who withholds and grants abundance, and to Him you will be returned.