Al-Baqarah 2:251
The Cow · Juz 2 · Page 41
فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُۥدُ جَالُوتَ وَءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُۥ مِمَّا يَشَآءُۗ وَلَوۡلَا دَفۡعُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّاسَ بَعۡضَهُم بِبَعۡضٖ لَّفَسَدَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ذُو فَضۡلٍ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢٥١
So they defeated them by permission of Allāh, and David killed Goliath, and Allāh gave him the kingship and wisdom [i.e., prophethood] and taught him from that which He willed. And if it were not for Allāh checking [some] people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allāh is the possessor of bounty for the worlds.
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Commentary on 2:251
القَوْلُ في تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
[٢٥١] ﴿فَهَزَمُوهم بِإذْنِ اللَّهِ وقَتَلَ داوُدُ جالُوتَ وآتاهُ اللَّهُ المُلْكَ والحِكْمَةَ وعَلَّمَهُ مِمّا يَشاءُ ولَوْلا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النّاسَ بَعْضَهم بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الأرْضُ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلى العالَمِينَ﴾ .
﴿فَهَزَمُوهُمْ﴾ أيْ: هَؤُلاءِ القَلِيلُونَ، أُولَئِكَ الكَثِيرُونَ: ﴿بِإذْنِ اللَّهِ﴾ بِنَصْرِهِ إذْ شَجَّعَ القَلِيلِينَ وجَبَّنَ الكَثِيرِينَ: ﴿وقَتَلَ داوُدُ﴾ وكانَ في جَيْشِ طالُوتَ: ﴿جالُوتَ﴾ الَّذِي هو رَأْسُ الأقْوِياءِ: ﴿وآتاهُ اللَّهُ المُلْكَ﴾ أيْ: أعْطى اللَّهُ داوُدَ مُلْكَ بَنِي إسْرائِيلَ: ﴿والحِكْمَةَ﴾ أيِ: الفَهْمَ والنُّبُوَّةَ: ﴿وعَلَّمَهُ مِمّا يَشاءُ﴾ مِن صَنْعَةِ الدُّرُوعِ وغَيْرِها: ﴿ولَوْلا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ﴾ مِن أهْلِ الشَّرِّ: ﴿بِبَعْضٍ﴾ مِن أهْلِ الخَيْرِ: ﴿لَفَسَدَتِ الأرْضُ﴾ أيْ: بِغَلَبَةِ الكُفّارِ وظُهُورِ الشِّرْكِ والمَعاصِي، كَما قالَ تَعالى: ﴿ولَوْلا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النّاسَ بَعْضَهم بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوامِعُ وبِيَعٌ وصَلَواتٌ ومَساجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيها اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا﴾ [الحج: ٤٠] الآيَةَ.
﴿ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلى العالَمِينَ﴾ أيْ: مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالدَّفْعِ. ولِذَلِكَ قَوّى سُبْحانَهُ هَؤُلاءِ الضُّعَفاءَ وأعْطى بَعْضَهُمُ المُلْكَ والحِكْمَةَ ومِن سائِرِ العُلُومِ، لِيَدْفَعَ فَسادَ الأقْوِياءِ بِالسَّيْفِ.
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2:249
فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِٱلۡجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُبۡتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٖ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنۡهُ فَلَيۡسَ مِنِّي وَمَن لَّمۡ يَطۡعَمۡهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّيٓ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱغۡتَرَفَ غُرۡفَةَۢ بِيَدِهِۦۚ فَشَرِبُواْ مِنۡهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنۡهُمۡۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُۥ هُوَ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ قَالُواْ لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا ٱلۡيَوۡمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَٰقُواْ ٱللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٖ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتۡ فِئَةٗ كَثِيرَةَۢ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ٢٤٩
And when Saul went forth with the soldiers, he said, "Indeed, Allāh will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of me, excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand." But they drank from it, except a [very] few of them. Then when he had crossed it along with those who believed with him, they said, "There is no power for us today against Goliath and his soldiers." But those who were certain that they would meet Allāh said, "How many a small company has overcome a large company by permission of Allāh. And Allāh is with the patient."
2:250
وَلَمَّا بَرَزُواْ لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦ قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَفۡرِغۡ عَلَيۡنَا صَبۡرٗا وَثَبِّتۡ أَقۡدَامَنَا وَٱنصُرۡنَا عَلَى ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢٥٠
And when they went forth to [face] Goliath and his soldiers, they said, "Our Lord, pour upon us patience and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people."
2:251
فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُۥدُ جَالُوتَ وَءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُۥ مِمَّا يَشَآءُۗ وَلَوۡلَا دَفۡعُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّاسَ بَعۡضَهُم بِبَعۡضٖ لَّفَسَدَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ذُو فَضۡلٍ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢٥١
So they defeated them by permission of Allāh, and David killed Goliath, and Allāh gave him the kingship and wisdom [i.e., prophethood] and taught him from that which He willed. And if it were not for Allāh checking [some] people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allāh is the possessor of bounty for the worlds.
2:252
تِلۡكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱللَّهِ نَتۡلُوهَا عَلَيۡكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ ٢٥٢
These are the verses of Allāh which We recite to you, [O Muḥammad], in truth. And indeed, you are from among the messengers.