Al-Baqarah 2:253
The Cow · Juz 3 · Page 42
۞ تِلۡكَ ٱلرُّسُلُ فَضَّلۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۘ مِّنۡهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعۡضَهُمۡ دَرَجَٰتٖۚ وَءَاتَيۡنَا عِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ وَأَيَّدۡنَٰهُ بِرُوحِ ٱلۡقُدُسِۗ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقۡتَتَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ وَلَٰكِنِ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ ءَامَنَ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن كَفَرَۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفۡعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ ٢٥٣
Those messengers - some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allāh spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit [i.e., Gabriel]. If Allāh had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allāh had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allāh does what He intends.
Tafsir · in Arabic
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Commentary on 2:253
﴿تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ﴾ إشارَةٌ إلى الجَماعَةِ المَذْكُورَةِ قِصَصُها في السُّورَةِ، أوِ المَعْلُومَةِ لِلرَّسُولِ ﷺ، أوْ جَماعَةِ الرُّسُلِ واللّامُ لِلِاسْتِغْراقِ. ﴿فَضَّلْنا بَعْضَهم عَلى بَعْضٍ﴾ بِأنْ خَصَصْناهُ بِمَنقَبَةٍ لَيْسَتْ لِغَيْرِهِ. ﴿مِنهم مَن كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ﴾ تَفْضِيلٌ لَهُ، وهو مُوسى عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ. وقِيلَ: مُوسى ومُحَمَّدٌ عَلَيْهِما الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسى لَيْلَةَ الحَيْرَةِ وفي الطُّورِ، ومُحَمَّدًا عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ لَيْلَةَ المِعْراجِ حِينَ كانَ قابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أوْ أدْنى وبَيْنَهُما بَوْنٌ بَعِيدٌ، وقُرِئَ « كَلَّمَ اللَّهَ» و « كالَمَ اللَّهَ» بِالنَّصْبِ، فَإنَّهُ كَلَّمَ اللَّهَ كَما أنَّ اللَّهَ كَلَّمَهُ ولِذَلِكَ قِيلَ كَلِيمُ اللَّهِ بِمَعْنى مُكالِمِهِ. ﴿وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهم دَرَجاتٍ﴾ بِأنْ فَضَّلَهُ عَلى غَيْرِهِ مِن وُجُوهٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ، أوْ بِمَراتِبَ مُتَباعِدَةٍ. وهو مُحَمَّدٌ (p-153)ﷺ فَإنَّهُ خَصَّهُ بِالدَّعْوَةِ العامَّةِ والحُجَجِ المُتَكاثِرَةِ والمُعْجِزاتِ المُسْتَمِرَّةِ، والآياتِ المُتَعاقِبَةِ بِتَعاقُبِ الدَّهْرِ، والفَضائِلِ العِلْمِيَّةِ والعَمَلِيَّةِ الفائِتَةِ لِلْحَصْرِ. والإبْهامُ لِتَفْخِيمِ شَأْنِهِ كَأنَّهُ العِلْمُ المُتَعَيَّنُ لِهَذا الوَصْفِ المُسْتَغْنِي عَنِ التَّعْيِينِ. وقِيلَ: إبْراهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ خَصَّصَهُ بِالخُلَّةِ الَّتِي هي أعْلى المَراتِبِ. وقِيلَ: إدْرِيسُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وَرَفَعْناهُ مَكانًا عَلِيًّا﴾ . وقِيلَ: أُولُو العَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ. ﴿وَآتَيْنا عِيسى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ البَيِّناتِ وأيَّدْناهُ بِرُوحِ القُدُسِ﴾ خَصَّهُ بِالتَّعْيِينِ لِإفْراطِ اليَهُودِ والنَّصارى في تَحْقِيرِهِ وتَعْظِيمِهِ، وجَعَلَ مُعْجِزاتِهِ سَبَبَ تَفْضِيلِهِ لِأنَّها آياتٌ واضِحَةٌ ومُعْجِزاتٌ عَظِيمَةٌ لَمْ يَسْتَجْمِعْها غَيْرُهُ. ﴿وَلَوْ شاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ أيْ هَدى النّاسَ جَمِيعًا. ﴿ما اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ مِن بَعْدِ الرُّسُلِ. ﴿مِن بَعْدِ ما جاءَتْهُمُ البَيِّناتُ﴾ أيِ المُعْجِزاتُ الواضِحَةُ لِاخْتِلافِهِمْ في الدِّينِ، وتَضْلِيلِ بَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا. ﴿وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنهم مَن آمَنَ﴾ بِتَوْفِيقِهِ التِزامَ دِينِ الأنْبِياءِ تَفَضُّلًا. ﴿وَمِنهم مَن كَفَرَ﴾ لِإعْراضِهِ عَنْهُ بِخِذْلانِهِ. ﴿وَلَوْ شاءَ اللَّهُ ما اقْتَتَلُوا﴾ كَرَّرَهُ لِلتَّأْكِيدِ. ﴿وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ ما يُرِيدُ﴾ فَيُوَفِّقُ مَن يَشاءُ فَضْلًا، ويَخْذِلُ مَن يَشاءُ عَدْلًا. والآيَةُ دَلِيلٌ عَلى أنَّ الأنْبِياءَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ مُتَفاوِتَةُ الأقْدامِ، وأنَّهُ يَجُوزُ تَفْضِيلُ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلى بَعْضٍ، ولَكِنْ بِقاطِعٍ لِأنَّ اعْتِبارَ الظَّنِّ فِيما يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالعَمَلِ وأنَّ الحَوادِثَ بِيَدِ اللَّهِ سُبْحانَهُ وتَعالى تابِعَةٌ لِمَشِيئَتِهِ خَيْرًا كانَ أوْ شَرًّا إيمانًا أوْ كُفْرًا.
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2:253
۞ تِلۡكَ ٱلرُّسُلُ فَضَّلۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۘ مِّنۡهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعۡضَهُمۡ دَرَجَٰتٖۚ وَءَاتَيۡنَا عِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ وَأَيَّدۡنَٰهُ بِرُوحِ ٱلۡقُدُسِۗ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقۡتَتَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ وَلَٰكِنِ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ ءَامَنَ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن كَفَرَۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفۡعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ ٢٥٣
Those messengers - some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allāh spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit [i.e., Gabriel]. If Allāh had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allāh had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allāh does what He intends.
2:254
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَنفِقُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰكُم مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن يَأۡتِيَ يَوۡمٞ لَّا بَيۡعٞ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٞ وَلَا شَفَٰعَةٞۗ وَٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٥٤
O you who have believed, spend from that which We have provided for you before there comes a Day in which there is no exchange [i.e., ransom] and no friendship and no intercession. And the disbelievers - they are the wrongdoers.
2:255
ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡحَيُّ ٱلۡقَيُّومُۚ لَا تَأۡخُذُهُۥ سِنَةٞ وَلَا نَوۡمٞۚ لَّهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ مَن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يَشۡفَعُ عِندَهُۥٓ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِهِۦۚ يَعۡلَمُ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيۡءٖ مِّنۡ عِلۡمِهِۦٓ إِلَّا بِمَا شَآءَۚ وَسِعَ كُرۡسِيُّهُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَۖ وَلَا يَـُٔودُهُۥ حِفۡظُهُمَاۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَلِيُّ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ ٢٥٥
Allāh - there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living,1 the Self-Sustaining.2 Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is [presently] before them and what will be after them,3 and they encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His Kursī4 extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High,5 the Most Great.6
6 translator’s notes
Whose life is perfect, complete and eternal, without beginning or end, and through whom all created life originated and continues.
[99] Dependent on none for His existence while being the sustainer and administrator of all created existence.
[100] Allāh's knowledge encompasses every aspect of His creations in the past, present and future.
[101] Chair or footstool. It is not to be confused with al-ʿArsh (the Throne) , which is infinitely higher and greater than al-Kursī.
[102] Above all of His creations and superior to them in essence, rank and position.
[103] Whose greatness is unlimited, beyond description or imagination.
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2:256
لَآ إِكۡرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشۡدُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيِّۚ فَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسۡتَمۡسَكَ بِٱلۡعُرۡوَةِ ٱلۡوُثۡقَىٰ لَا ٱنفِصَامَ لَهَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٢٥٦
There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become distinct from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in ṭāghūt1 and believes in Allāh has grasped the most trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
1 translator’s note
- False objects of worship, such as idols, heavenly bodies, spirits, human beings, etc. ↩