Al-BaqarahJuz 3 · Page 49

Al-Baqarah 2:283

The Cow · Juz 3 · Page 49

۞ وَإِن كُنتُمۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٖ وَلَمۡ تَجِدُواْ كَاتِبٗا فَرِهَٰنٞ مَّقۡبُوضَةٞۖ فَإِنۡ أَمِنَ بَعۡضُكُم بَعۡضٗا فَلۡيُؤَدِّ ٱلَّذِي ٱؤۡتُمِنَ أَمَٰنَتَهُۥ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥۗ وَلَا تَكۡتُمُواْ ٱلشَّهَٰدَةَۚ وَمَن يَكۡتُمۡهَا فَإِنَّهُۥٓ ءَاثِمٞ قَلۡبُهُۥۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ عَلِيمٞ ٢٨٣

And if you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security deposit [should be] taken. And if one of you entrusts another, then let him who is entrusted discharge his trust [faithfully] and let him fear Allāh, his Lord. And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it - his heart is indeed sinful, and Allāh is Knowing of what you do.

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Makki ibn Abi Talib

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Commentary on 2:283

قوله: ﴿وَإِن كُنتُمْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ كَاتِباً﴾ الآية.

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قوله: ﴿فَرِهَٰنٌ﴾ هو جمع رهن، كبَغْلٍ وبِغَالٍ وكَبْشٍ وكِبَاشٍ.

ومن قرأ: "فَرُهُنٌ" فهو جمع الجمع. هو جمع "رِهَانٍ": كـ "كِتَابٍ": و "كُتُبٍ"، و "حِمَارٍ" و "حُمُرٍ".

وقيل: هو جمع "رَهْنٍ"، كـ "سَقْفٍ" و "سُقُفٍ".

ومن قرأ "فَرُهْنٌ" بالإسكان فإنما أسكن الضمة لثقلها.

وقرأ ابن عباس "كِتَاباً"، وقال: "قد لا توجد الصحيفة"، وكذلك قرأ أبو العالية وعكرمة والضحاك ومجاهد. وهو واحد الكتب.

وقيل: هو جمع "كَاتِبٍ"، كما يقال: "قَائِمٌ" و "قِيَامٌ".

وروي أيضاً عن ابن عباس: ﴿وَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ﴾ "كُتَّاباً"، على وزن "فُعَّالٍ" وهو جمع "كاتب"، "كضَارِبٍ" و "ضُرَّابٍ".

وهذه الآية أرخص الله فيها في قبض الرهان عند عدم الكاتب، والرهن لا يكون رهناً حتى يقبض من مالكه بقوله: ﴿مَّقْبُوضَةٌ﴾، سواء قبضه المرتهن عنده أو جعله على يدي عدل عند مالك.

قوله: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُم بَعْضاً فَلْيُؤَدِّ ٱلَّذِي ٱؤْتُمِنَ﴾.

أي إن ترك صاحب الدين، أخذ الرهن، وأمن الذي عليه الدين، فليؤد ما عليه لأنها أمانة، وليتق الله ربه فيما قد اؤتمن به.

وقال الضحاك: "هذه الأمانة التي فسخ فيها إنما في السفر، دون الحضر".

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قوله: ﴿وَلاَ تَكْتُمُواْ ٱلشَّهَٰدَةَ﴾ الآية. هو نهي للشهداء وتحذير لهم.

﴿فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ﴾. أي فاجر قلبه.

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﴿وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ﴾.

أي يعلم ما تصنعون في شهاداتكم من إحالتها، والإتيان بها على وجهها فيحصي ذلك عليكم ويجازيكم به.

Saheeh International · Makki ibn Abi Talib · Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api · Quran Foundation

Page 49

Al-BaqarahJuz 3 · Page 49

2:283

۞ وَإِن كُنتُمۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٖ وَلَمۡ تَجِدُواْ كَاتِبٗا فَرِهَٰنٞ مَّقۡبُوضَةٞۖ فَإِنۡ أَمِنَ بَعۡضُكُم بَعۡضٗا فَلۡيُؤَدِّ ٱلَّذِي ٱؤۡتُمِنَ أَمَٰنَتَهُۥ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥۗ وَلَا تَكۡتُمُواْ ٱلشَّهَٰدَةَۚ وَمَن يَكۡتُمۡهَا فَإِنَّهُۥٓ ءَاثِمٞ قَلۡبُهُۥۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ عَلِيمٞ ٢٨٣

And if you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security deposit [should be] taken. And if one of you entrusts another, then let him who is entrusted discharge his trust [faithfully] and let him fear Allāh, his Lord. And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it - his heart is indeed sinful, and Allāh is Knowing of what you do.

2:284

لِّلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ وَإِن تُبۡدُواْ مَا فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَوۡ تُخۡفُوهُ يُحَاسِبۡكُم بِهِ ٱللَّهُۖ فَيَغۡفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٢٨٤

To Allāh belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Whether you show what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allāh will bring you to account for it. Then He will forgive whom He wills and punish whom He wills, and Allāh is over all things competent.

2:285

ءَامَنَ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡهِ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَۚ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيۡنَ أَحَدٖ مِّن رُّسُلِهِۦۚ وَقَالُواْ سَمِعۡنَا وَأَطَعۡنَاۖ غُفۡرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ٢٨٥

The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allāh and His angels and His books and His messengers, [saying], "We make no distinction between any of His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] destination."

2:286

لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نَفۡسًا إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۚ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتۡ وَعَلَيۡهَا مَا ٱكۡتَسَبَتۡۗ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذۡنَآ إِن نَّسِينَآ أَوۡ أَخۡطَأۡنَاۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحۡمِلۡ عَلَيۡنَآ إِصۡرٗا كَمَا حَمَلۡتَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِنَاۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلۡنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِۦۖ وَٱعۡفُ عَنَّا وَٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا وَٱرۡحَمۡنَآۚ أَنتَ مَوۡلَىٰنَا فَٱنصُرۡنَا عَلَى ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢٨٦

Allāh does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity. It will have [the consequence of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. "Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred. Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which You laid upon those before us. Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no ability to bear. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us. You are our protector, so give us victory over the disbelieving people."1

1 translator’s note
  1. Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) concludes this sūrah by directing His servants how to supplicate Him, just as He taught them in Sūrah al-Fātiḥah how to praise Him and ask for guidance. ↩
Makki ibn Abi TalibTafsir · 2:283

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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