Al-Baqarah 2:59
The Cow · Juz 1 · Page 9
فَبَدَّلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ قَوۡلًا غَيۡرَ ٱلَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمۡ فَأَنزَلۡنَا عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ رِجۡزٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ٥٩
But those who wronged changed [those words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them, so We sent down upon those who wronged a punishment [i.e., plague] from the sky because they were defiantly disobeying.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Abu as-Su'ud
Detailed
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Commentary on 2:59
(p-105)﴿فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا﴾؛ بِما أُمِرُوا بِهِ مِنَ التَّوْبَةِ؛ والِاسْتِغْفارِ؛ بِأنْ أعْرَضُوا عَنْهُ؛ وأوْرَدُوا مَكانَهُ ﴿قَوْلا﴾ آخَرَ مِمّا لا خَيْرَ فِيهِ؛ رُوِيَ أنَّهم قالُوا - مَكانَ "حِطَّةٌ" - حِنْطَةٌ؛ وقِيلَ: قالُوا - بِالنَّبَطِيَّةِ -: حُطًّا سَمْقاثًا؛ يَعْنُونَ: حِنْطَةً حَمْراءَ؛ اسْتِخْفافًا بِأمْرِ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وجَلَّ -؛ ﴿غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ﴾: نَعْتٌ لِـ "قَوْلًا"؛ وإنَّما صُرِّحَ بِهِ؛ مَعَ اسْتِحالَةِ تَحَقُّقِ التَّبْدِيلِ بِلا مُغايَرَةٍ؛ تَحْقِيقًا لِمُخالَفَتِهِمْ؛ وتَنْصِيصًا عَلى المُغايَرَةِ مِن كُلِّ وجْهٍ.
﴿فَأنْزَلْنا﴾؛ أيْ عُقَيْبَ ذَلِكَ؛ ﴿عَلى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا﴾؛ بِما ذُكِرَ مِنَ التَّبْدِيلِ؛ وإنَّما وُضِعَ المَوْصُولُ مَوْضِعَ الضَّمِيرِ العائِدِ إلى المَوْصُولِ الأوَّلِ لِلتَّعْلِيلِ؛ والمُبالَغَةِ في الذَّمِّ؛ والتَّقْرِيعِ؛ ولِلتَّصْرِيحِ بِأنَّهم بِما فَعَلُوا قَدْ ظَلَمُوا أنْفُسَهم بِتَعْرِيضِها لِسُخْطِ اللَّهِ (تَعالى).
﴿رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّماءِ﴾؛ أيْ: عَذابًا مُقَدَّرًا مِنها؛ والتَّنْوِينُ لِلتَّهْوِيلِ؛ والتَّفْخِيمِ؛ ﴿بِما كانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾: بِسَبَبِ فِسْقِهِمُ المُسْتَمِرِّ؛ حَسْبَما يُفِيدُهُ الجَمْعُ بَيْنَ صِيغَتَيِ الماضِي والمُسْتَقْبَلِ؛ وتَعْلِيلُ إنْزالِ الرِّجْزِ بِهِ - بَعْدَ الإشْعارِ بِتَعْلِيلِهِ بِظُلْمِهِمْ - لِلْإيذانِ بِأنَّ ذَلِكَ فِسْقٌ؛ وخُرُوجٌ عَنِ الطّاعَةِ؛ وغُلُوٌّ في الظُّلْمِ؛ وأنَّ تَعْذِيبَهم بِجَمِيعِ ما ارْتَكَبُوهُ مِنَ القَبائِحِ؛ لا بِعَدَمِ تَوْبَتِهِمْ فَقَطْ؛ كَما يُشْعِرُ بِهِ تَرْتِيبُهُ عَلى ذَلِكَ بِالفاءِ؛ والرِّجْزُ في الأصْلِ: ما يُعافُ عَنْهُ؛ وكَذَلِكَ الرِّجْسُ؛ وقُرِئَ بِالضَّمِّ؛ وهو لُغَةٌ فِيهِ؛ والمُرادُ بِهِ الطّاعُونُ؛ رُوِيَ أنَّهُ ماتَ بِهِ في ساعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ أرْبَعَةٌ وعِشْرُونَ ألْفًا.
Page 9
2:58
وَإِذۡ قُلۡنَا ٱدۡخُلُواْ هَٰذِهِ ٱلۡقَرۡيَةَ فَكُلُواْ مِنۡهَا حَيۡثُ شِئۡتُمۡ رَغَدٗا وَٱدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡبَابَ سُجَّدٗا وَقُولُواْ حِطَّةٞ نَّغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ خَطَٰيَٰكُمۡۚ وَسَنَزِيدُ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ٥٨
And [recall] when We said, "Enter this city [i.e., Jerusalem] and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance, and enter the gate bowing humbly1 and say, 'Relieve us of our burdens [i.e., sins].' We will [then] forgive your sins for you, and We will increase the doers of good [in goodness and reward]."
1 translator’s note
- In gratitude to Allāh and admission of sin. ↩
2:59
فَبَدَّلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ قَوۡلًا غَيۡرَ ٱلَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمۡ فَأَنزَلۡنَا عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ رِجۡزٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ٥٩
But those who wronged changed [those words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them, so We sent down upon those who wronged a punishment [i.e., plague] from the sky because they were defiantly disobeying.
2:60
۞ وَإِذِ ٱسۡتَسۡقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ فَقُلۡنَا ٱضۡرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلۡحَجَرَۖ فَٱنفَجَرَتۡ مِنۡهُ ٱثۡنَتَا عَشۡرَةَ عَيۡنٗاۖ قَدۡ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٖ مَّشۡرَبَهُمۡۖ كُلُواْ وَٱشۡرَبُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تَعۡثَوۡاْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مُفۡسِدِينَ ٦٠
And [recall] when Moses prayed for water for his people, so We said, "Strike with your staff the stone." And there gushed forth from it twelve springs, and every people [i.e., tribe] knew its watering place. "Eat and drink from the provision of Allāh, and do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption."
2:61
وَإِذۡ قُلۡتُمۡ يَٰمُوسَىٰ لَن نَّصۡبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٖ وَٰحِدٖ فَٱدۡعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخۡرِجۡ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنۢبِتُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۢ بَقۡلِهَا وَقِثَّآئِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَاۖ قَالَ أَتَسۡتَبۡدِلُونَ ٱلَّذِي هُوَ أَدۡنَىٰ بِٱلَّذِي هُوَ خَيۡرٌۚ ٱهۡبِطُواْ مِصۡرٗا فَإِنَّ لَكُم مَّا سَأَلۡتُمۡۗ وَضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ وَٱلۡمَسۡكَنَةُ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَواْ وَّكَانُواْ يَعۡتَدُونَ ٦١
And [recall] when you said, "O Moses, we can never endure one [kind of] food. So call upon your Lord to bring forth for us from the earth its green herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions." [Moses] said, "Would you exchange what is better for what is less? Go into [any] settlement and indeed, you will have what you have asked." And they were covered with humiliation and poverty and returned with anger from Allāh [upon them]. That was because they [repeatedly] disbelieved in the signs of Allāh and killed the prophets without right. That was because they disobeyed and were [habitually] transgressing.