بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
An-Nur 24:3
The Light · Juz 18 · Page 350
ٱلزَّانِي لَا يَنكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوۡ مُشۡرِكَةٗ وَٱلزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنكِحُهَآ إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوۡ مُشۡرِكٞۚ وَحُرِّمَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٣
The fornicator does not marry except a [female] fornicator or polytheist, and none marries her except a fornicator1 or a polytheist, and that [i.e., marriage to such persons] has been made unlawful to the believers.
1 translator’s note
- Included in this ruling is the adulterer as well. Such persons cannot be married to believers unless they have repented and reformed. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Mawardi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 24:3
قَوْلُهُ: ﴿الزّانِي لا يَنْكِحُ إلا زانِيَةً أوْ مُشْرِكَةً﴾ الآيَةَ.
فِيهِ خَمْسَةُ أوْجُهٍ:
(p-٧٣)أحَدُها: أنَّها نَزَلَتْ مَخْصُوصَةً في رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ اسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ في امْرَأةٍ يُقالُ لَها: أُمُّ مَهْزُولٍ كانَتْ مِن بَغايا الجاهِلِيَّةِ مِن ذَواتِ الرّاياتِ، وشَرَطَتْ لَهُ أنْ تُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِ فَأنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ فِيهِ وفِيها قالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ومُجاهِدٌ.
الثّانِي: أنَّها نَزَلَتْ في أهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ، وكانُوا قَوْمًا مِنَ المُهاجِرِينَ فَقُرّاءُ ولَمْ يَكُنْ لَهم بِالمَدِينَةِ مَساكِنُ ولا عَشائِرُ، فَنَزَلُوا صُفَّةَ المَسْجِدِ، وكانُوا نَحْوَ أرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ يَلْتَمِسُونَ الرِّزْقَ بِالنَّهارِ ويَأْوُونَ إلى الصُّفَّةِ في اللَّيْلِ، وكانَ بِالمَدِينَةِ بَغايا مُتَعالِناتٌ بِالفُجُورِ مِمّا يُصِيبُ الرِّجالَ بِالكُسْوَةِ والطَّعامِ، فَهَمَّ أهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ أنْ يَتَزَوَّجُوهُنَّ لِيَأْوُوا إلى مَساكِنِهِنَّ ويَنالُوا مِن طَعامِهِنَّ وكُسْوَتِهِنَّ فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِنَّ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ، قالَهُ أبُو صالِحٍ.
الثّالِثُ: مَعْناهُ أنَّ الزّانِيَ لا يَزْنِي إلّا بِزانِيَةٍ والزّانِيَةَ لا يَزْنِي بِها إلّا زانٍ، قالَهُ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ.
الرّابِعُ: أنَّهُ عامٌّ في تَحْرِيمِ نِكاحِ الزّانِيَةِ عَلى العَفِيفِ ونِكاحِ العَفِيفَةِ عَلى الزّانِي ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿فانْكِحُوا ما طابَ لَكم مِنَ النِّساءِ﴾ [النِّساءِ: ٣] قالَهُ ابْنُ المُسَيِّبِ.
الخامِسُ: أنَّها مَخْصُوصَةٌ في الزّانِي المَحْدُودِ لا يَنْكِحُ إلّا زانِيَةً مَحْدُودَةً ولا يَنْكِحُ غَيْرَ مَحْدُودَةٍ ولا عَفِيفَةً، والزّانِيَةُ المَحْدُودَةُ لا يَنْكِحُها إلّا زانٍ مَحْدُودٌ، ولا يَنْكِحُها غَيْرُ مَحْدُودٍ ولا عَفِيفٌ، قالَهُ الحَسَنُ، ورَواهُ أبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا.
(p-٧٤)﴿وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلى المُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ فِيهِ وجْهانِ:
أحَدُهُما: الزِّنى.
الثّانِي: نِكاحُ الزَّوانِي.
Page 350
سورة النور
An-Nur
The Light · Medinan · 64 ayahs
بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
24:1
سُورَةٌ أَنزَلۡنَٰهَا وَفَرَضۡنَٰهَا وَأَنزَلۡنَا فِيهَآ ءَايَٰتِۭ بَيِّنَٰتٖ لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ ١
[This is] a sūrah which We have sent down and made [that within it] obligatory and revealed therein verses of clear evidence that you might remember.
24:2
ٱلزَّانِيَةُ وَٱلزَّانِي فَٱجۡلِدُواْ كُلَّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا مِاْئَةَ جَلۡدَةٖۖ وَلَا تَأۡخُذۡكُم بِهِمَا رَأۡفَةٞ فِي دِينِ ٱللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمۡ تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۖ وَلۡيَشۡهَدۡ عَذَابَهُمَا طَآئِفَةٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٢
The [unmarried] woman or [unmarried] man found guilty of sexual intercourse1 - lash each one of them with a hundred lashes,2 and do not be taken by pity for them in the religion [i.e., law] of Allāh,3 if you should believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And let a group of the believers witness their punishment.
3 translator’s notes
Either by voluntary confession of the offender or the testimony of four male witnesses to having actually seen the act take place. Otherwise, there can be no conviction.
[973] The ruling in this verse is applicable to unmarried fornicators. Execution by stoning is confirmed in the sunnah for convicted adulterers.
[974] i.e., Do not let sympathy for a guilty person move you to alter anything ordained by Allāh, for in His law is protection of society as a whole.
↩- ↩
- ↩
24:3
ٱلزَّانِي لَا يَنكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوۡ مُشۡرِكَةٗ وَٱلزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنكِحُهَآ إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوۡ مُشۡرِكٞۚ وَحُرِّمَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٣
The fornicator does not marry except a [female] fornicator or polytheist, and none marries her except a fornicator1 or a polytheist, and that [i.e., marriage to such persons] has been made unlawful to the believers.
1 translator’s note
- Included in this ruling is the adulterer as well. Such persons cannot be married to believers unless they have repented and reformed. ↩
24:4
وَٱلَّذِينَ يَرۡمُونَ ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَأۡتُواْ بِأَرۡبَعَةِ شُهَدَآءَ فَٱجۡلِدُوهُمۡ ثَمَٰنِينَ جَلۡدَةٗ وَلَا تَقۡبَلُواْ لَهُمۡ شَهَٰدَةً أَبَدٗاۚ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ ٤
And those who accuse chaste women and then do not produce four witnesses - lash them with eighty lashes and do not accept from them testimony ever after. And those are the defiantly disobedient,
24:5
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ تَابُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَ وَأَصۡلَحُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٥
Except for those who repent thereafter and reform, for indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
24:6
وَٱلَّذِينَ يَرۡمُونَ أَزۡوَٰجَهُمۡ وَلَمۡ يَكُن لَّهُمۡ شُهَدَآءُ إِلَّآ أَنفُسُهُمۡ فَشَهَٰدَةُ أَحَدِهِمۡ أَرۡبَعُ شَهَٰدَٰتِۭ بِٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُۥ لَمِنَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ٦
And those who accuse their wives [of adultery] and have no witnesses except themselves - then the witness of one of them1 [shall be] four testimonies [swearing] by Allāh that indeed, he is of the truthful.
1 translator’s note
- The husbands who have been betrayed. ↩
24:7
وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعۡنَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ إِن كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ ٧
And the fifth [oath will be] that the curse of Allāh be upon him if he should be of the liars.
24:8
وَيَدۡرَؤُاْ عَنۡهَا ٱلۡعَذَابَ أَن تَشۡهَدَ أَرۡبَعَ شَهَٰدَٰتِۭ بِٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُۥ لَمِنَ ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ ٨
But it will prevent punishment from her if she gives four testimonies [swearing] by Allāh that indeed, he is of the liars.
24:9
وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهَآ إِن كَانَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ٩
And the fifth [oath will be] that the wrath of Allāh be upon her if he was of the truthful.
24:10
وَلَوۡلَا فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَتُهُۥ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ حَكِيمٌ ١٠
And if not for the favor of Allāh upon you and His mercy...1 and because Allāh is Accepting of Repentance and Wise.
1 translator’s note
- The phrase omitted is estimated to be "...you would have surely been punished, destroyed or scandalized," or "...you would have suffered many difficult situations." ↩