Ali 'Imran 3:112
Family of Imran · Juz 4 · Page 64
ضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيۡنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓاْ إِلَّا بِحَبۡلٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبۡلٖ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَسۡكَنَةُۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلۡأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيۡرِ حَقّٖۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَواْ وَّكَانُواْ يَعۡتَدُونَ ١١٢
They have been put under humiliation [by Allāh] wherever they are overtaken, except for a rope [i.e., covenant] from Allāh and a rope [i.e., treaty] from the people [i.e., the Muslims].1 And they have drawn upon themselves anger from Allāh and have been put under destitution. That is because they disbelieved in [i.e., rejected] the verses of Allāh and killed the prophets without right. That is because they disobeyed and [habitually] transgressed.
1 translator’s note
- Once they have surrendered, the People of the Scripture retain their rights and honor (in spite of their refusal of Islām) through payment of the jizyah tax in place of zakāh and military service due from Muslims. They are then under the protection of the Islāmic state. ↩
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Abu as-Su'ud
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Commentary on 3:112
﴿ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ﴾ أيْ: هَدْرُ النَّفْسِ والمالِ والأهْلِ أوْ ذُلُّ التَّمَسُّكِ بِالباطِلِ.
﴿أيْنَما ثُقِفُوا﴾ أيْ: وُجِدُوا.
﴿إلا بِحَبْلٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وحَبْلٍ مِنَ النّاسِ﴾ اسْتِثْناءٌ مِن أعَمِّ الأحْوالِ أيْ: ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمِ الذِّلَّةُ ضَرْبَ القُبَّةِ عَلى مَن هي عَلَيْهِ في جَمِيعِ الأحْوالِ إلّا حالَ كَوْنِهِمْ مُعْتَصِمِينَ بِذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ أوْ كِتابِهِ الَّذِي أتاهم وذِمَّةِ المُسْلِمِينَ أوْ بِذِمَّةِ الإسْلامِ واتِّباعِ سَبِيلِ المُؤْمِنِينَ.
﴿وَباءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ أيْ: رَجَعُوا مُسْتَوْجِبِينَ لَهُ، والتَّنْكِيرُ لِلتَّفْخِيمِ والتَّهْوِيلِ و "مِن" مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ وقَعَ صِفَةً لِـ "غَضَبٍ" مُؤَكِّدَةٌ لِما أفادَهُ التَّنْكِيرُ مِنَ الفَخامَةِ والهَوْلِ، أيْ: كائِنٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وجَلَّ.
﴿وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ المَسْكَنَةُ﴾ فَهي مُحِيطَةٌ بِهِمْ مِن جَمِيعِ جَوانِبِهِمْ، واليَهُودُ كَذَلِكَ في غالِبِ الحالِ مَساكِينُ تَحْتَ أيْدِي المُسْلِمِينَ والنَّصارى.
﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ إشارَةٌ إلى ما ذَكَرَ مِن ضَرْبِ الذِّلَّةِ والمَسْكَنَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ والبَوْءِ بِالغَضَبِ العَظِيمِ.
﴿بِأنَّهم كانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآياتِ اللَّهِ﴾ أيْ: ذَلِكَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ كائِنٌ بِسَبَبِ كُفْرِهِمِ المُسْتَمِرِّ بِآياتِ اللَّهِ النّاطِقَةِ بِنُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وتَحْرِيفِهِمْ لَها وبِسائِرِ الآياتِ القرآنيَّةِ.
﴿وَيَقْتُلُونَ الأنْبِياءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ﴾ أيْ: في اعْتِقادِهِمْ أيْضًَا وإسْنادُ القَتْلِ مَعَ أنَّهُ فِعْلُ أسْلافِهِمْ لِرِضاهم بِهِ كَما أنَّ التَّحْرِيفَ مَعَ كَوْنِهِ مِن أفْعالِ أحْبارِهِمْ يُنْسَبُ إلى كُلِّ مَن يَسِيرُ بِسِيرَتِهِمْ.
﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ إشارَةٌ إلى ما ذُكِرَ مِنَ الكُفْرِ والقَتْلِ.
﴿بِما عَصَوْا وكانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ﴾ أيْ: كائِنٌ بِسَبَبِ عِصْيانِهِمْ واعْتِدائِهِمْ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ تَعالى عَلى الِاسْتِمْرارِ، فَإنَّ الإصْرارَ عَلى الصَّغائِرِ يُفْضِي إلى مُباشَرَةِ الكَبائِرِ والِاسْتِمْرارَ عَلَيْها يُؤَدِّي إلى الكُفْرِ. وقِيلَ: مَعْناهُ: أنَّ ضَرْبَ الذِّلَّةِ والمَسْكَنَةِ في الدُّنْيا واسْتِيجابَ الغَضَبِ في الآخِرَةِ كَما هو مُعَلَّلٌ بِكُفْرِهِمْ وقَتْلِهِمْ فَهو مُسَبَّبٌ عَنْ عِصْيانِهِمْ واعْتِدائِهِمْ مِن حَيْثُ أنَّهم مُخاطَبُونَ بِالفُرُوعِ مِن حَيْثُ المُؤاخَذَةُ.
Page 64
3:109
وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ١٠٩
To Allāh belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And to Allāh will [all] matters be returned.
3:110
كُنتُمۡ خَيۡرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخۡرِجَتۡ لِلنَّاسِ تَأۡمُرُونَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَتَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلۡمُنكَرِ وَتُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِۗ وَلَوۡ ءَامَنَ أَهۡلُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَكَانَ خَيۡرٗا لَّهُمۚ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ وَأَكۡثَرُهُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ ١١٠
You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allāh. If only the People of the Scripture had believed, it would have been better for them. Among them are believers, but most of them are defiantly disobedient.
3:111
لَن يَضُرُّوكُمۡ إِلَّآ أَذٗىۖ وَإِن يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ يُوَلُّوكُمُ ٱلۡأَدۡبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ ١١١
They will not harm you except for [some] annoyance. And if they fight you, they will show you their backs [i.e., retreat]; then they will not be aided.
3:112
ضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيۡنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓاْ إِلَّا بِحَبۡلٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبۡلٖ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَسۡكَنَةُۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلۡأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيۡرِ حَقّٖۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَواْ وَّكَانُواْ يَعۡتَدُونَ ١١٢
They have been put under humiliation [by Allāh] wherever they are overtaken, except for a rope [i.e., covenant] from Allāh and a rope [i.e., treaty] from the people [i.e., the Muslims].1 And they have drawn upon themselves anger from Allāh and have been put under destitution. That is because they disbelieved in [i.e., rejected] the verses of Allāh and killed the prophets without right. That is because they disobeyed and [habitually] transgressed.
1 translator’s note
- Once they have surrendered, the People of the Scripture retain their rights and honor (in spite of their refusal of Islām) through payment of the jizyah tax in place of zakāh and military service due from Muslims. They are then under the protection of the Islāmic state. ↩
3:113
۞ لَيۡسُواْ سَوَآءٗۗ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أُمَّةٞ قَآئِمَةٞ يَتۡلُونَ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ءَانَآءَ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَهُمۡ يَسۡجُدُونَ ١١٣
They are not [all] the same; among the People of the Scripture is a community1 standing [in obedience], reciting the verses of Allāh during periods of the night and prostrating [in prayer].
1 translator’s note
- Of people who accepted Islām. ↩
3:114
يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَيَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلۡمُنكَرِ وَيُسَٰرِعُونَ فِي ٱلۡخَيۡرَٰتِۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ١١٤
They believe in Allāh and the Last Day, and they enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and hasten to good deeds. And those are among the righteous.
3:115
وَمَا يَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَلَن يُكۡفَرُوهُۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١١٥
And whatever good they do - never will it be denied them. And Allāh is Knowing of the righteous.