Al-Ahzab 33:13
The Combined Forces · Juz 21 · Page 419
وَإِذۡ قَالَت طَّآئِفَةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ يَثۡرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمۡ فَٱرۡجِعُواْۚ وَيَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُ فَرِيقٞ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلنَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوۡرَةٞ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوۡرَةٍۖ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارٗا ١٣
And when a faction of them said, "O people of Yathrib,1 there is no stability for you [here], so return [home]." And a party of them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are exposed [i.e., unprotected]," while they were not exposed. They did not intend except to flee.
1 translator’s note
- The name by which al-Madīnah was known before the arrival of the Prophet (ﷺ). ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
As-Samin al-Halabi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 33:13
قوله: {ياأهل يَثْرِبَ} : يثرب اسمُ المدينةِ. وامتناعُ صَرْفها إمَّا: للعلميةِ والوزنِ، أو للعلميَّةِ والتأنيثِ، وأمَّا «يَتْرَب» بالتاء المثناة وفتح الراء فموضعٌ آخرُ قال:
3679 -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... مواعيدَ عُرْقوبٍ أخاه بيَتْرَبِ
قوله: {لاَ مُقَامَ لَكُمْ} قرأ حفصٌ بضم الميم، ونافع وابن عامر بضم ميمِه أيضاً في الدخان في قوله: {إِنَّ المتقين فِي مَقَامٍ} [الدخان: 51] ولم يُخْتَلَفْ في الأول أنه بالفتح وهو {وَمَقَامٍ كَرِيمٍ} [الدخان: 26] والباقون بفتح الميم في الموضعين. والضمُّ والفتح مفهومان من سورة مريم عند قوله: {خَيْرٌ مَّقَاماً} [مريم: 73] قوله: «عَوْرَةٌ» أي: ذاتُ عَوْرة. وقيل: منكشِفةٌ للسارقِ. قال الشاعر:
3680 - له الشَّدَّةُ الأُوْلى إذا القِرْنُ أَعْورا ... وقرأ ابن عباس وابن يعمر وقتادة وأبو رجاء وأبو حيوة وآخرون «عَوِرة» بكسرِ الواو، وكذلك {وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ} وهي اسمُ فاعلٍ يُقال: عَوِر المنزلُ يَعْوَر عَوْراً وعَوْرَة فهو عَوِر وبيوتٌ عَوْرَةٌ. قال ابن جني: «تصحيحُ الواوِ شاذٌ» يعني حيث تحرَّكَتْ وانفتح ما قبلها، ولم تُقْلَبْ ألفاً. وفيه نظرٌ لأنَّ شرطَ ذاك في الاسم الجاري على الفعلِ أَنْ يَعْتَلَّ فِعْلُه نحو: مَقام ومَقال. وأمَّا هذا ففعلُه صحيحٌ نحوَ: عَوِر. وإنما صَحَّ الفعلُ وإنْ كان فيه مُقْتضى الإِعلال لِمَدْرَكٍ آخرَ: وهو أنه في معنى ما لا يُعَلُّ وهو أَعْوَر ولذلك لم يُتَعَجَّبْ مِنْ عَوِر وبابه. وأَعْوَرَ المنزلُ: بَدَتْ عَوْرَتُه، وأَعْوَرَ الفارسُ: بدا منه خَلَلٌ للضربِ. قال الشاعر:
3681 - متى تَلْقَهم لم تَلْقَ في البيتِ مُعْوِراً ... ولاَ الضيفَ مَسْجوراً ولا الجارَ مُرْسَلاً
Page 419
33:7
وَإِذۡ أَخَذۡنَا مِنَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مِيثَٰقَهُمۡ وَمِنكَ وَمِن نُّوحٖ وَإِبۡرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَى ٱبۡنِ مَرۡيَمَۖ وَأَخَذۡنَا مِنۡهُم مِّيثَٰقًا غَلِيظٗا ٧
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when We took from the prophets their covenant and from you and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus, the son of Mary; and We took from them a solemn covenant
33:8
لِّيَسۡـَٔلَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ عَن صِدۡقِهِمۡۚ وَأَعَدَّ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ٨
That He may question the truthful about their truth.1 And He has prepared for the disbelievers a painful punishment.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., that He may ask the prophets what they conveyed to their people and what response they received. "The truthful" may also refer to those who believed in the message conveyed by the prophets and imparted it to others. ↩
33:9
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ جَآءَتۡكُمۡ جُنُودٞ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ رِيحٗا وَجُنُودٗا لَّمۡ تَرَوۡهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا ٩
O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when armies came to [attack] you and We sent upon them a wind and armies [of angels] you did not see. And ever is Allāh, of what you do, Seeing.
33:10
إِذۡ جَآءُوكُم مِّن فَوۡقِكُمۡ وَمِنۡ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡ وَإِذۡ زَاغَتِ ٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرُ وَبَلَغَتِ ٱلۡقُلُوبُ ٱلۡحَنَاجِرَ وَتَظُنُّونَ بِٱللَّهِ ٱلظُّنُونَا۠ ١٠
[Remember] when they came at you from above you and from below you, and when eyes shifted [in fear], and hearts reached the throats, and you assumed about Allāh [various] assumptions.
33:11
هُنَالِكَ ٱبۡتُلِيَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ زِلۡزَالٗا شَدِيدٗا ١١
There the believers were tested and shaken with a severe shaking.
33:12
وَإِذۡ يَقُولُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ مَّا وَعَدَنَا ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥٓ إِلَّا غُرُورٗا ١٢
And [remember] when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is disease said, "Allāh and His Messenger did not promise us except delusion,"
33:13
وَإِذۡ قَالَت طَّآئِفَةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ يَثۡرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمۡ فَٱرۡجِعُواْۚ وَيَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُ فَرِيقٞ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلنَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوۡرَةٞ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوۡرَةٍۖ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارٗا ١٣
And when a faction of them said, "O people of Yathrib,1 there is no stability for you [here], so return [home]." And a party of them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are exposed [i.e., unprotected]," while they were not exposed. They did not intend except to flee.
1 translator’s note
- The name by which al-Madīnah was known before the arrival of the Prophet (ﷺ). ↩
33:14
وَلَوۡ دُخِلَتۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّنۡ أَقۡطَارِهَا ثُمَّ سُئِلُواْ ٱلۡفِتۡنَةَ لَأٓتَوۡهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُواْ بِهَآ إِلَّا يَسِيرٗا ١٤
And if they had been entered upon from all its [surrounding] regions and fitnah [i.e., disbelief] had been demanded of them, they would have done it and not hesitated over it except briefly.
33:15
وَلَقَدۡ كَانُواْ عَٰهَدُواْ ٱللَّهَ مِن قَبۡلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَۚ وَكَانَ عَهۡدُ ٱللَّهِ مَسۡـُٔولٗا ١٥
And they had already promised Allāh before not to turn their backs [i.e., flee]. And ever is the promise to Allāh [that about which one will be] questioned.