SabaJuz 22 · Page 430

Saba 34:15

Sheba · Juz 22 · Page 430

لَقَدۡ كَانَ لِسَبَإٖ فِي مَسۡكَنِهِمۡ ءَايَةٞۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٖ وَشِمَالٖۖ كُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۥۚ بَلۡدَةٞ طَيِّبَةٞ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٞ ١٥

There was for [the tribe of] Saba’ in their dwelling place a sign: two [fields of] gardens on the right and on the left. [They were told], "Eat from the provisions of your Lord and be grateful to Him. A good land [have you], and a forgiving Lord."

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Commentary on 34:15–17

(p-٤٤٣)قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ: ﴿لَقَدْ كانَ لِسَبَإٍ في مَسْكَنِهِمْ﴾ الآيَةَ.

وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنا اخْتِلافَ النّاسِ في سَبَإٍ عَلى قَوْلَيْنِ:

أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُ اسْمُ أرْضٍ بِاليَمَنِ يُقالُ لَها مَأْرِبَ، قالَهُ سُفْيانُ.

الثّانِي: اسْمُ قَبِيلَةٍ.

واخْتَلَفَ مَن قالَ بِهَذا هَلْ هو اسْمُ امْرَأةٍ أوْ رَجُلٍ عَلى قَوْلَيْنِ:

أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُ اسْمُ امْرَأةٍ نُسِبَتِ القَبِيلَةُ إلَيْها لِأنَّها أُمُّهم.

الثّانِي: أنَّهُ رَجُلٌ.

رُوِيَ أنَّ فَرْوَةَ الغُطَيْفِيَّ سَألَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ سَبَأٍ ما هُوَ؟ أبْلَدٌ أمْ رَجُلٌ أمِ امْرَأةٌ؟ فَقالَ: (بَلْ رَجُلٌ ولَدَ عَشَرَةً، فَسَكَنَ اليَمَنَ مِنهم سِتَّةٌ والشّامَ أرْبَعَةٌ أمّا اليَمانِيُّونَ فَمَذْحِجٌ وكِنْدَهُ والأزْدُ والأشْعَرِيُّونَ وأنَمارُ وحِمْيَرُ وأمّا الشّامِيُّونَ فَلَخْمٌ وخِذامُ وغَسّانُ وعامِلَةُ.

وَذَكَرَ أهْلُ النَّسَبِ أنَّهُ سَبَأُ بْنُ يَشْجُبَ بْنِ يَعْرُبَ بْنِ قَحْطانَ.

قالَ السُّدِّيُّ: بُعِثَ إلى سَبَأٍ ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ نَبِيًّا.

وَأمّا ﴿جَنَّتانِ﴾ فَقالَ سُفْيانُ وُجِدَ فِيهِما قَصْرانِ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلى أحَدِهِما: نَحْنُ بُنِينا سالِمَيْنِ، في سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا دائِبَيْنِ، وعَلى الآخَرِ: نَحْنُ بُنِينا صُرْواحَ، مَقِيلٌ ومَراحُ، وكانَتْ إحْدى الجَنَّتَيْنِ عَنْ يَمِينِ الوادِي والأُخْرى عَنْ شِمالِهِ.

وَفي الآيَةِ الَّتِي لِسَبَأٍ في مَساكِنِهِمْ قَوْلانِ:

أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ في قَرْيَتِهِمْ بَعُوضَةٌ قَطُّ ولا ذُبابَةٌ ولا بُرْغُوثٌ ولا حَيَّةٌ ولا (p-٤٤٤)عَقْرَبٌ وإنَّ الرَّكْبَ لَيَأْتُونَ في ثِيابِهِمُ القَمْلُ والدَّوابُّ فَتَمُوتُ تِلْكَ الدَّوابُّ، قالَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ.

الثّانِي: أنَّ الآيَةَ هي الجَنَّتانِ كانَتِ المَرْأةُ تَمْشِي فِيهِما وعَلى رَأْسِها مِكْتَلٌ فَيَمْتَلِئُ وما مَسَّتْهُ بِيَدِها، قالَهُ قَتادَةُ.

﴿كُلُوا مِن رِزْقِ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الَّذِي رَزَقَكم مِن جَنَّتِكم.

﴿واشْكُرُوا لَهُ﴾ يَعْنِي عَلى ما رَزَقَكم.

﴿بَلْدَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ﴾ قالَ مُجاهِدٌ: هي صَنْعاءُ.

وَيَحْتَمِلُ ثَلاثَةَ أوْجُهٍ:

أحَدُها: لِأنَّ أرْضَها ولَيْسَتْ بِسَبِخَةٍ.

الثّانِي: لِأنَّها لَيْسَ بِها هَوامُّ.

Saheeh International · Al-Mawardi · Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api · Quran Foundation

Page 430

SabaJuz 22 · Page 430

34:15

لَقَدۡ كَانَ لِسَبَإٖ فِي مَسۡكَنِهِمۡ ءَايَةٞۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٖ وَشِمَالٖۖ كُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۥۚ بَلۡدَةٞ طَيِّبَةٞ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٞ ١٥

There was for [the tribe of] Saba’ in their dwelling place a sign: two [fields of] gardens on the right and on the left. [They were told], "Eat from the provisions of your Lord and be grateful to Him. A good land [have you], and a forgiving Lord."

34:16

فَأَعۡرَضُواْ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ سَيۡلَ ٱلۡعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلۡنَٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيۡهِمۡ جَنَّتَيۡنِ ذَوَاتَيۡ أُكُلٍ خَمۡطٖ وَأَثۡلٖ وَشَيۡءٖ مِّن سِدۡرٖ قَلِيلٖ ١٦

But they turned away [refusing], so We sent upon them the flood of the dam,1 and We replaced their two [fields of] gardens with gardens of bitter fruit, tamarisks and something of sparse lote trees.

1 translator’s note
  1. i.e., caused by a break in their dam. Another meaning is "the overwhelming flood." ↩

34:17

ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيۡنَٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ وَهَلۡ نُجَٰزِيٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ ١٧

[By] that We repaid them because they disbelieved. And do We [thus] repay except the ungrateful?

34:18

وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَهُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلۡقُرَى ٱلَّتِي بَٰرَكۡنَا فِيهَا قُرٗى ظَٰهِرَةٗ وَقَدَّرۡنَا فِيهَا ٱلسَّيۡرَۖ سِيرُواْ فِيهَا لَيَالِيَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ ١٨

And We placed between them and the cities which We had blessed1 [many] visible cities. And We determined between them the [distances of] journey,2 [saying], "Travel between them by night or by day in safety."

2 translator’s notes
  1. In the lands of what is now southern Syria and Palestine.

    [1226] i.e., We placed the intermediate settlements at calculated distances for the convenience of travelers.

    ↩
  2. ↩

34:19

فَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا بَٰعِدۡ بَيۡنَ أَسۡفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقۡنَٰهُمۡ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٖ شَكُورٖ ١٩

But [insolently] they said, "Our Lord, lengthen the distance between our journeys," and wronged themselves, so We made them narrations1 and dispersed them in total dispersion. Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.

1 translator’s note
  1. Stories related to others as lessons or examples. ↩

34:20

وَلَقَدۡ صَدَّقَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِبۡلِيسُ ظَنَّهُۥ فَٱتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٠

And Iblees had already confirmed through them1 his assumption,2 so they followed him, except for a party of believers.

2 translator’s notes
  1. i.e., the people of Saba’ or mankind in general.

    [1229] That mankind could readily be misled by him.

    ↩
  2. ↩

34:21

وَمَا كَانَ لَهُۥ عَلَيۡهِم مِّن سُلۡطَٰنٍ إِلَّا لِنَعۡلَمَ مَن يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مِمَّنۡ هُوَ مِنۡهَا فِي شَكّٖۗ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ حَفِيظٞ ٢١

And he had over them no authority except [it was decreed] that We might make evident who believes in the Hereafter from who is thereof in doubt. And your Lord, over all things, is Guardian.1

1 translator’s note
  1. Protecting and preserving the existence and attributes of His creations. ↩

34:22

قُلِ ٱدۡعُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمۡتُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا لَهُمۡ فِيهِمَا مِن شِرۡكٖ وَمَا لَهُۥ مِنۡهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٖ ٢٢

Say, [O Muḥammad], "Invoke those you claim [as deities] besides Allāh." They do not possess an atom's weight [of ability] in the heavens or on the earth, and they do not have therein any partnership [with Him], nor is there for Him from among them any assistant.

Al-MawardiTafsir · 34:15

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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