Saba 34:20
Sheba · Juz 22 · Page 430
وَلَقَدۡ صَدَّقَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِبۡلِيسُ ظَنَّهُۥ فَٱتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٠
And Iblees had already confirmed through them1 his assumption,2 so they followed him, except for a party of believers.
Tafsir · in Arabic
As-Samin al-Halabi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 34:20
قوله: {صَدَّقَ} : قرأ الكوفيون «صَدَّق» بتشديد الدال. والباقون بتخفيفها. فأمَّا الأولى ف «ظنَّه» مفعولٌ به. والمعنى: أنَّ ظنَّ إبليس ذهب إلى شيءٍ فوافق، فصدَّق هو ظنَّه على المجاز والاتساعِ. ومثلُه: كذَّبْتُ ظني ونفسي وصَدَّقْتُهما، وصَدَّقاني وكَذَّباني. وهو مجازٌ سائغ. أي: ظَنَّ شيئاً فوقع. وأصلُه: مِنْ قولِه: «ولأُغْوِيَنَّهم» و «لأُضِلَّنَّهم» وغيرِ ذلك.
وأمَّا الثانيةُ فانتصب «ظنَّه» على ما تقدَّم من المفعول به كقولهم: أَصَبْتُ ظني، وأَخْطَأْت ظني. أو على المصدرِ بفعلٍ مقدرٍ أي: يظنُّ ظنَّه، أو على إسقاطِ الخافضِ أي: في ظنه. وزيدُ بن علي والزهريُّ برفعِ «ظَنُّه» ونصب «إبليس» كقول الشاعر:
3738 - فإنْ يَكُ ظَنِّي صادِقاً وهو صادِقي ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
جعل ظنَّه صادقاً فيما ظَنَّه مجازاً واتساعاً. ورُوي عن أبي عمروٍ برفعِهما وهي واضحةٌ. جعل «ظنَّه» بدلَ اشتمال من إبليس.
والظاهر أنَّ الضميرَ في «عليهم» عائدٌ على أهل سبأ، و «إلاَّ فريقاً» استثناءٌ من فاعل «اتبعوه» و «من المؤمنين» صفةُ «فريقاً» . و «مِنْ» للبيان لا للتبعيضِ لئلا يَفْسُدَ/ المعنى؛ إذ يلزمُ أَنْ يكونَ بعضُ مَنْ آمن اتَّبع إبليسَ.
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34:15
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لِسَبَإٖ فِي مَسۡكَنِهِمۡ ءَايَةٞۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٖ وَشِمَالٖۖ كُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۥۚ بَلۡدَةٞ طَيِّبَةٞ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٞ ١٥
There was for [the tribe of] Saba’ in their dwelling place a sign: two [fields of] gardens on the right and on the left. [They were told], "Eat from the provisions of your Lord and be grateful to Him. A good land [have you], and a forgiving Lord."
34:16
فَأَعۡرَضُواْ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ سَيۡلَ ٱلۡعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلۡنَٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيۡهِمۡ جَنَّتَيۡنِ ذَوَاتَيۡ أُكُلٍ خَمۡطٖ وَأَثۡلٖ وَشَيۡءٖ مِّن سِدۡرٖ قَلِيلٖ ١٦
But they turned away [refusing], so We sent upon them the flood of the dam,1 and We replaced their two [fields of] gardens with gardens of bitter fruit, tamarisks and something of sparse lote trees.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., caused by a break in their dam. Another meaning is "the overwhelming flood." ↩
34:17
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيۡنَٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ وَهَلۡ نُجَٰزِيٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ ١٧
[By] that We repaid them because they disbelieved. And do We [thus] repay except the ungrateful?
34:18
وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَهُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلۡقُرَى ٱلَّتِي بَٰرَكۡنَا فِيهَا قُرٗى ظَٰهِرَةٗ وَقَدَّرۡنَا فِيهَا ٱلسَّيۡرَۖ سِيرُواْ فِيهَا لَيَالِيَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ ١٨
And We placed between them and the cities which We had blessed1 [many] visible cities. And We determined between them the [distances of] journey,2 [saying], "Travel between them by night or by day in safety."
34:19
فَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا بَٰعِدۡ بَيۡنَ أَسۡفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقۡنَٰهُمۡ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٖ شَكُورٖ ١٩
But [insolently] they said, "Our Lord, lengthen the distance between our journeys," and wronged themselves, so We made them narrations1 and dispersed them in total dispersion. Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.
1 translator’s note
- Stories related to others as lessons or examples. ↩
34:20
وَلَقَدۡ صَدَّقَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِبۡلِيسُ ظَنَّهُۥ فَٱتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٠
And Iblees had already confirmed through them1 his assumption,2 so they followed him, except for a party of believers.
34:21
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُۥ عَلَيۡهِم مِّن سُلۡطَٰنٍ إِلَّا لِنَعۡلَمَ مَن يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مِمَّنۡ هُوَ مِنۡهَا فِي شَكّٖۗ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ حَفِيظٞ ٢١
And he had over them no authority except [it was decreed] that We might make evident who believes in the Hereafter from who is thereof in doubt. And your Lord, over all things, is Guardian.1
1 translator’s note
- Protecting and preserving the existence and attributes of His creations. ↩
34:22
قُلِ ٱدۡعُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمۡتُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا لَهُمۡ فِيهِمَا مِن شِرۡكٖ وَمَا لَهُۥ مِنۡهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٖ ٢٢
Say, [O Muḥammad], "Invoke those you claim [as deities] besides Allāh." They do not possess an atom's weight [of ability] in the heavens or on the earth, and they do not have therein any partnership [with Him], nor is there for Him from among them any assistant.