Ya-Sin 36:69
Ya Sin · Juz 23 · Page 444
وَمَا عَلَّمۡنَٰهُ ٱلشِّعۡرَ وَمَا يَنۢبَغِي لَهُۥٓۚ إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكۡرٞ وَقُرۡءَانٞ مُّبِينٞ ٦٩
And We did not give him [i.e., Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)] knowledge of poetry, nor is it befitting for him. It is not but a message and a clear Qur’ān
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 36:69–70
﴿وَما عَلَّمْناهُ الشِّعْرَ﴾ رَدٌّ لِقَوْلِهِمْ إنَّ مُحَمَّدًا شاعِرٌ أيْ ما عَلَّمْناهُ الشِّعْرَ بِتَعْلِيمِ القُرْآنِ، فَإنَّهُ لا يُماثِلُهُ لَفْظًا ولا مَعْنًى لِأنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُقَفّى ولا مَوْزُونٍ، ولَيْسَ مَعْناهُ ما يَتَوَخّاهُ الشُّعَراءُ مِنَ التَّخَيُّلاتِ المُرَغِّبَةِ والمُنَفِّرَةِ ونَحْوِها.
﴿وَما يَنْبَغِي لَهُ﴾ وما يَصِحُّ لَهُ الشِّعْرُ ولا يَتَأتّى لَهُ إنْ أرادَ قَرْضَهُ عَلى ما خَبَرْتُمْ طَبْعَهُ نَحْوًا مِن أرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وقَوْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ: «أنا النَّبِيُّ لا كَذِبَ أنا ابْنُ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ» وقَوْلُهُ:
هَلْ أنَتَ إلّا إصْبَعٌ دَمِيتِ وفي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ما لَقِيتِ
اتِّفاقِيٌّ مِن غَيْرِ تَكَلُّفٍ وقَصْدٍ مِنهُ إلى ذَلِكَ، وقَدْ يَقَعُ مِثْلُهُ كَثِيرًا في تَضاعِيفِ المَنثُوراتِ عَلى أنَّ الخَلِيلَ ما عَدَّ المَشْطُورَ مِنَ الرَّجِزِ شِعْرًا، هَذا وقَدْ رُوِيَ أنَّهُ حَرَّكَ الباءَيْنِ وكَسَرَ التّاءَ الأُولى بِلا إشْباعٍ وسَكَّنَ الثّانِيَةَ، وقِيلَ الضَّمِيرُ لِلْـ ( قُرْآنٌ ) أيْ وما يَصِحُّ لِلْقُرْآنِ أنْ يَكُونَ شِعْرًا. ﴿إنْ هو إلا ذِكْرٌ﴾ عِظَةٌ وإرْشادٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعالى.
﴿وَقُرْآنٌ مُبِينٌ﴾ وكِتابٌ سَماوِيٌّ يُتْلى في المَعابِدِ، ظاهِرٌ أنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِن كَلامِ البَشَرِ لِما فِيهِ مِنَ الإعْجازِ.
﴿لِيُنْذِرَ﴾ القُرْآنُ أوِ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ، ويُؤَيِّدُهُ قِراءَةُ نافِعٍ وابْنِ عامِرٍ ويَعْقُوبَ بِالتّاءِ. ﴿مَن كانَ حَيًّا﴾ عاقِلًا فَهْمًا فَإنَّ الغافِلَ كالمَيِّتِ، أوْ مُؤْمِنًا في عِلْمِ اللَّهِ تَعالى فَإنَّ الحَياةَ الأبَدِيَّةَ بِالإيمانِ، وتَخْصِيصُ الإنْذارِ بِهِ لِأنَّهُ المُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ. ﴿وَيَحِقَّ القَوْلُ﴾ وتَجِبُ كَلِمَةُ العَذابِ. ﴿عَلى الكافِرِينَ﴾ المُصِرِّينَ عَلى الكُفْرِ، وجَعَلَهم في مُقابَلَةِ مَن كانَ حَيًّا إشْعارًا بِأنَّهم لِكُفْرِهِمْ وسُقُوطِ حُجَّتِهِمْ وعَدَمِ تَأمُّلِهِمْ أمْواتٌ في الحَقِيقَةِ.
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36:55
إِنَّ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ فِي شُغُلٖ فَٰكِهُونَ ٥٥
Indeed the companions of Paradise, that Day, will be amused in [joyful] occupation -
36:56
هُمۡ وَأَزۡوَٰجُهُمۡ فِي ظِلَٰلٍ عَلَى ٱلۡأَرَآئِكِ مُتَّكِـُٔونَ ٥٦
They and their spouses - in shade, reclining on adorned couches.
36:57
لَهُمۡ فِيهَا فَٰكِهَةٞ وَلَهُم مَّا يَدَّعُونَ ٥٧
For them therein is fruit, and for them is whatever they request [or wish]
36:58
سَلَٰمٞ قَوۡلٗا مِّن رَّبّٖ رَّحِيمٖ ٥٨
[And] "Peace," a word from a Merciful Lord.
36:59
وَٱمۡتَٰزُواْ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ أَيُّهَا ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ ٥٩
[Then He will say], "But stand apart today, you criminals.1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., remove yourself from the ranks of the believers to be distinguished from them. ↩
36:60
۞ أَلَمۡ أَعۡهَدۡ إِلَيۡكُمۡ يَٰبَنِيٓ ءَادَمَ أَن لَّا تَعۡبُدُواْ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكُمۡ عَدُوّٞ مُّبِينٞ ٦٠
Did I not enjoin upon you, O children of Adam, that you not worship Satan - [for] indeed, he is to you a clear enemy -
36:61
وَأَنِ ٱعۡبُدُونِيۚ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطٞ مُّسۡتَقِيمٞ ٦١
And that you worship [only] Me? This is a straight path.
36:62
وَلَقَدۡ أَضَلَّ مِنكُمۡ جِبِلّٗا كَثِيرًاۖ أَفَلَمۡ تَكُونُواْ تَعۡقِلُونَ ٦٢
And he had already led astray from among you much of creation, so did you not use reason?
36:63
هَٰذِهِۦ جَهَنَّمُ ٱلَّتِي كُنتُمۡ تُوعَدُونَ ٦٣
This is the Hellfire which you were promised.
36:64
ٱصۡلَوۡهَا ٱلۡيَوۡمَ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡفُرُونَ ٦٤
[Enter to] burn therein today for what you used to deny."1
1 translator’s note
- Or "because you used to disbelieve." ↩
36:65
ٱلۡيَوۡمَ نَخۡتِمُ عَلَىٰٓ أَفۡوَٰهِهِمۡ وَتُكَلِّمُنَآ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَتَشۡهَدُ أَرۡجُلُهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ ٦٥
That Day, We will seal over their mouths, and their hands will speak to Us, and their feet will testify about what they used to earn.
36:66
وَلَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَطَمَسۡنَا عَلَىٰٓ أَعۡيُنِهِمۡ فَٱسۡتَبَقُواْ ٱلصِّرَٰطَ فَأَنَّىٰ يُبۡصِرُونَ ٦٦
And if We willed, We could have obliterated their eyes, and they would race to [find] the path, and how could they see?1
1 translator’s note
- Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) could have left man without means of guidance in the life of this world, although in His mercy He did not. ↩
36:67
وَلَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَمَسَخۡنَٰهُمۡ عَلَىٰ مَكَانَتِهِمۡ فَمَا ٱسۡتَطَٰعُواْ مُضِيّٗا وَلَا يَرۡجِعُونَ ٦٧
And if We willed, We could have deformed them, [paralyzing them] in their places so they would not be able to proceed, nor could they return.1
1 translator’s note
- He (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) could have prevented man from taking any action to benefit himself in this world or the Hereafter, yet He did not. ↩
36:68
وَمَن نُّعَمِّرۡهُ نُنَكِّسۡهُ فِي ٱلۡخَلۡقِۚ أَفَلَا يَعۡقِلُونَ ٦٨
And he to whom We grant long life We reverse in creation;1 so will they not understand?
1 translator’s note
- In his physical and mental capacity. ↩
36:69
وَمَا عَلَّمۡنَٰهُ ٱلشِّعۡرَ وَمَا يَنۢبَغِي لَهُۥٓۚ إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكۡرٞ وَقُرۡءَانٞ مُّبِينٞ ٦٩
And We did not give him [i.e., Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)] knowledge of poetry, nor is it befitting for him. It is not but a message and a clear Qur’ān
36:70
لِّيُنذِرَ مَن كَانَ حَيّٗا وَيَحِقَّ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ عَلَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٧٠
To warn whoever is alive1 and justify the word [i.e., decree] against the disbelievers.
1 translator’s note
- In heart and mind, i.e., the believers. ↩