Sad 38:17
The Letter "Saad" · Juz 23 · Page 454
ٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَٱذۡكُرۡ عَبۡدَنَا دَاوُۥدَ ذَا ٱلۡأَيۡدِۖ إِنَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٌ ١٧
Be patient over what they say and remember Our servant, David, the possessor of strength; indeed, he was one who repeatedly turned back [to Allāh].
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ad-Da''as
Medium
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Commentary on 38:14–17
﴿إِنْ﴾ نافية ﴿كُلٌّ﴾ مبتدأ ﴿إِلَّا﴾ حرف حصر ﴿كَذَّبَ﴾ ماض والجملة خبر المبتدأ ﴿الرُّسُلَ﴾ مفعول به ﴿فَحَقَّ﴾ الفاء حرف عطف وماض ﴿عِقابِ﴾ فاعل مرفوع بالضمة على ما قبل ياء المتكلم المحذوفة مراعاة للفاصلة ﴿وَما﴾ الواو حرف استئناف وما نافية ﴿يَنْظُرُ﴾ مضارع مرفوع ﴿هؤُلاءِ﴾ اسم الإشارة فاعله ﴿إِلَّا﴾ حرف حصر ﴿صَيْحَةً﴾ مفعول به ﴿واحِدَةً﴾ صفة لصيحة ﴿ما﴾ نافية عاملة عمل ليس ﴿لَها﴾ الجار والمجرور خبر مقدم ﴿مِنْ﴾ حرف جر زائد ﴿فَواقٍ﴾ مجرور لفظا مرفوع محلا اسم ما والجملة في محل نصب صفة ثانية لصيحة. ﴿وَقالُوا﴾ الواو حرف استئناف وماض وفاعله ﴿رَبَّنا﴾ منادى مضاف ﴿عَجِّلْ﴾ فعل دعاء فاعله مستتر ﴿لَنا﴾ الجار والمجرور متعلقان بعجل وجملة النداء مقول القول وجملة قالوا استئنافية لا محل لها ﴿قِطَّنا﴾ مفعول به ﴿قَبْلَ﴾ ظرف زمان ﴿يَوْمِ﴾ مضاف إليه ﴿الْحِسابِ﴾ مضاف إليه ثان ﴿اصْبِرْ﴾ أمر وفاعل مستتر ﴿عَلى ما﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان باصبر ﴿يَقُولُونَ﴾ مضارع مرفوع والواو فاعل والجملة صلة ﴿وَاذْكُرْ﴾ الواو حرف عطف وأمر فاعله مستتر ﴿عَبْدَنا﴾ مفعول به ﴿داوُدَ﴾ بدل منه ﴿ذَا﴾ صفة لداود ﴿الْأَيْدِ﴾ مضاف إليه ﴿إِنَّهُ﴾ إن واسمها ﴿أَوَّابٌ﴾ خبرها والجملة تعليلية.
Page 454
38:17
ٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَٱذۡكُرۡ عَبۡدَنَا دَاوُۥدَ ذَا ٱلۡأَيۡدِۖ إِنَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٌ ١٧
Be patient over what they say and remember Our servant, David, the possessor of strength; indeed, he was one who repeatedly turned back [to Allāh].
38:18
إِنَّا سَخَّرۡنَا ٱلۡجِبَالَ مَعَهُۥ يُسَبِّحۡنَ بِٱلۡعَشِيِّ وَٱلۡإِشۡرَاقِ ١٨
Indeed, We subjected the mountains [to praise] with him, exalting [Allāh] in the [late] afternoon and [after] sunrise.
38:19
وَٱلطَّيۡرَ مَحۡشُورَةٗۖ كُلّٞ لَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٞ ١٩
And the birds were assembled, all with him repeating [praises].
38:20
وَشَدَدۡنَا مُلۡكَهُۥ وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَفَصۡلَ ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٠
And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and discernment in speech.
38:21
۞ وَهَلۡ أَتَىٰكَ نَبَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَصۡمِ إِذۡ تَسَوَّرُواْ ٱلۡمِحۡرَابَ ٢١
And has there come to you the news of the adversaries, when they climbed over the wall of [his] prayer chamber -
38:22
إِذۡ دَخَلُواْ عَلَىٰ دَاوُۥدَ فَفَزِعَ مِنۡهُمۡۖ قَالُواْ لَا تَخَفۡۖ خَصۡمَانِ بَغَىٰ بَعۡضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَنَا بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تُشۡطِطۡ وَٱهۡدِنَآ إِلَىٰ سَوَآءِ ٱلصِّرَٰطِ ٢٢
When they entered upon David and he was alarmed by them? They said, "Fear not. [We are] two adversaries, one of whom has wronged the other, so judge between us with truth and do not exceed [it] and guide us to the sound path.
38:23
إِنَّ هَٰذَآ أَخِي لَهُۥ تِسۡعٞ وَتِسۡعُونَ نَعۡجَةٗ وَلِيَ نَعۡجَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ فَقَالَ أَكۡفِلۡنِيهَا وَعَزَّنِي فِي ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٣
Indeed this, my brother, has ninety-nine ewes, and I have one ewe; so he said, 'Entrust her to me,' and he overpowered me in speech."
38:24
قَالَ لَقَدۡ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعۡجَتِكَ إِلَىٰ نِعَاجِهِۦۖ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡخُلَطَآءِ لَيَبۡغِي بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٍ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَقَلِيلٞ مَّا هُمۡۗ وَظَنَّ دَاوُۥدُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّٰهُ فَٱسۡتَغۡفَرَ رَبَّهُۥ وَخَرَّۤ رَاكِعٗاۤ وَأَنَابَ۩ ٢٤
[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in addition] to his ewes. And indeed, many associates oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds - and few are they." And David became certain that We had tried him, and he asked forgiveness of his Lord1 and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned in repentance [to Allāh].
1 translator’s note
- For his errors, such as fear and suspicion of the two men at the outset, any mistake in judgement he might have made, concealed feelings of partiality, etc. ↩
38:25
فَغَفَرۡنَا لَهُۥ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَإِنَّ لَهُۥ عِندَنَا لَزُلۡفَىٰ وَحُسۡنَ مَـَٔابٖ ٢٥
So We forgave him that; and indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return.
38:26
يَٰدَاوُۥدُ إِنَّا جَعَلۡنَٰكَ خَلِيفَةٗ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ ٱلۡهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ شَدِيدُۢ بِمَا نَسُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٢٦
[We said], "O David, indeed We have made you a successor upon the earth, so judge between the people in truth and do not follow [your own] desire, as it will lead you astray from the way of Allāh." Indeed, those who go astray from the way of Allāh will have a severe punishment for having forgotten the Day of Account.