Sad 38:21
The Letter "Saad" · Juz 23 · Page 454
۞ وَهَلۡ أَتَىٰكَ نَبَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَصۡمِ إِذۡ تَسَوَّرُواْ ٱلۡمِحۡرَابَ ٢١
And has there come to you the news of the adversaries, when they climbed over the wall of [his] prayer chamber -
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn Juzayy
Medium
Change
Commentary on 38:21
﴿وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ نَبَأُ ٱلْخَصْمِ إِذْ تَسَوَّرُواْ ٱلْمِحْرَابَ﴾ جاءت هذه القصة بلفظ الاستفهام؛ تنبيهاً للمخاطب ودلالة على أنها من الأخبار العجيبة، التي ينبغي أن يلقى البال لها، والخصم يقع على الواحد والاثنين والجماعة، كقولك: عدل وزور، واتفق الناس على أن هؤلاء الخصم كانوا ملائكة، ورُوي أنهما جبريل وميكائيل بعثهما الله، ليضرب بهما المثل لداود في نازلة وقع هو في مثلها، فأفتى بفتيا هي واقعة عليه في نازلته، ولما شعر وفهم المراد أناب واستغفر، وسنذكر القصة بعد هذا، ومعنى تسوّروا المحراب علَوْا على سوره ودخلوه، والمحراب: الموضع الأرفع من القصر أو المسجد وهو موضع التعبد، ويحتمل أن يكون المتسوّر المحراب اثنين فقط، لأن نفس الخصومة إنما كانت بين اثنين فقط، فتجيء الضمائر في تسوّروا، ودخلوا، وفزع منهم: على وجه التجوز، والعبارة عن الاثنين بلفظ الجماعة، وذلك جائز على مذهب من يرى أن أقل الجمع اثنان، ويحتمل أنه جامع كل واحد من الخصمين جماعة فيقع على تجميعهم خصم، وتجيء الضمائر المجموعة حقيقة، وعلى هذا عوَّل الزمخشري.
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38:17
ٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَٱذۡكُرۡ عَبۡدَنَا دَاوُۥدَ ذَا ٱلۡأَيۡدِۖ إِنَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٌ ١٧
Be patient over what they say and remember Our servant, David, the possessor of strength; indeed, he was one who repeatedly turned back [to Allāh].
38:18
إِنَّا سَخَّرۡنَا ٱلۡجِبَالَ مَعَهُۥ يُسَبِّحۡنَ بِٱلۡعَشِيِّ وَٱلۡإِشۡرَاقِ ١٨
Indeed, We subjected the mountains [to praise] with him, exalting [Allāh] in the [late] afternoon and [after] sunrise.
38:19
وَٱلطَّيۡرَ مَحۡشُورَةٗۖ كُلّٞ لَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٞ ١٩
And the birds were assembled, all with him repeating [praises].
38:20
وَشَدَدۡنَا مُلۡكَهُۥ وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَفَصۡلَ ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٠
And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and discernment in speech.
38:21
۞ وَهَلۡ أَتَىٰكَ نَبَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَصۡمِ إِذۡ تَسَوَّرُواْ ٱلۡمِحۡرَابَ ٢١
And has there come to you the news of the adversaries, when they climbed over the wall of [his] prayer chamber -
38:22
إِذۡ دَخَلُواْ عَلَىٰ دَاوُۥدَ فَفَزِعَ مِنۡهُمۡۖ قَالُواْ لَا تَخَفۡۖ خَصۡمَانِ بَغَىٰ بَعۡضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَنَا بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تُشۡطِطۡ وَٱهۡدِنَآ إِلَىٰ سَوَآءِ ٱلصِّرَٰطِ ٢٢
When they entered upon David and he was alarmed by them? They said, "Fear not. [We are] two adversaries, one of whom has wronged the other, so judge between us with truth and do not exceed [it] and guide us to the sound path.
38:23
إِنَّ هَٰذَآ أَخِي لَهُۥ تِسۡعٞ وَتِسۡعُونَ نَعۡجَةٗ وَلِيَ نَعۡجَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ فَقَالَ أَكۡفِلۡنِيهَا وَعَزَّنِي فِي ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٣
Indeed this, my brother, has ninety-nine ewes, and I have one ewe; so he said, 'Entrust her to me,' and he overpowered me in speech."
38:24
قَالَ لَقَدۡ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعۡجَتِكَ إِلَىٰ نِعَاجِهِۦۖ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡخُلَطَآءِ لَيَبۡغِي بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٍ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَقَلِيلٞ مَّا هُمۡۗ وَظَنَّ دَاوُۥدُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّٰهُ فَٱسۡتَغۡفَرَ رَبَّهُۥ وَخَرَّۤ رَاكِعٗاۤ وَأَنَابَ۩ ٢٤
[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in addition] to his ewes. And indeed, many associates oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds - and few are they." And David became certain that We had tried him, and he asked forgiveness of his Lord1 and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned in repentance [to Allāh].
1 translator’s note
- For his errors, such as fear and suspicion of the two men at the outset, any mistake in judgement he might have made, concealed feelings of partiality, etc. ↩
38:25
فَغَفَرۡنَا لَهُۥ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَإِنَّ لَهُۥ عِندَنَا لَزُلۡفَىٰ وَحُسۡنَ مَـَٔابٖ ٢٥
So We forgave him that; and indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return.
38:26
يَٰدَاوُۥدُ إِنَّا جَعَلۡنَٰكَ خَلِيفَةٗ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ ٱلۡهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ شَدِيدُۢ بِمَا نَسُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٢٦
[We said], "O David, indeed We have made you a successor upon the earth, so judge between the people in truth and do not follow [your own] desire, as it will lead you astray from the way of Allāh." Indeed, those who go astray from the way of Allāh will have a severe punishment for having forgotten the Day of Account.