Sad 38:23
The Letter "Saad" · Juz 23 · Page 454
إِنَّ هَٰذَآ أَخِي لَهُۥ تِسۡعٞ وَتِسۡعُونَ نَعۡجَةٗ وَلِيَ نَعۡجَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ فَقَالَ أَكۡفِلۡنِيهَا وَعَزَّنِي فِي ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٣
Indeed this, my brother, has ninety-nine ewes, and I have one ewe; so he said, 'Entrust her to me,' and he overpowered me in speech."
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ad-Da''as
Medium
Change
Commentary on 38:22–23
﴿إِذْ﴾ بدل من إذ السابقة ﴿دَخَلُوا﴾ ماض وفاعله ﴿عَلى داوُدَ﴾ متعلقان بدخلوا والجملة في محل جر بالإضافة ﴿فَفَزِعَ﴾ الفاء حرف عطف وماض فاعله مستتر ﴿مِنْهُمْ﴾ متعلقان بفزع والجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها فهي مثلها في محل جر ﴿قالُوا﴾ ماض وفاعله ﴿لا﴾ ناهية ﴿تَخَفْ﴾ مضارع مجزوم بلا وفاعله مستتر ﴿خَصْمانِ﴾ خبر لمبتدأ محذوف مرفوع بالألف لأنه مثنى والجملة مقول القول ﴿بَغى﴾ ماض ﴿بَعْضُنا﴾ فاعل ﴿عَلى بَعْضٍ﴾ متعلقان ببغى وجملة بغى صفة لخصمان ﴿فَاحْكُمْ﴾ الفاء الفصيحة وأمر فاعله مستتر ﴿بَيْنَنا﴾ ظرف مكان ﴿بِالْحَقِّ﴾ متعلقان باحكم ﴿وَلا﴾ الواو حرف عطف ولا ناهية ﴿تُشْطِطْ﴾ مضارع مجزوم والجملة معطوفة على احكم لا محل لها وجملة احكم جواب شرط مقدر لا محل لها ﴿وَاهْدِنا﴾ الواو حرف عطف واهدنا أمر فاعله مستتر ونا مفعوله ﴿إِلى سَواءِ﴾ متعلقان باهدنا ﴿الصِّراطِ﴾ مضاف إليه والجملة معطوفة على تشطط لا محل لها ﴿إِنَّ هذا﴾ إن واسمها ﴿أَخِي﴾ خبرها والجملة مقول القول المحذوف ﴿لَهُ﴾ جار ومجرور خبر مقدم ﴿تِسْعٌ﴾ مبتدأ مؤخر ﴿وَتِسْعُونَ﴾ معطوف على تسع مرفوع بالواو والجملة خبر ثان ﴿نَعْجَةً﴾ تمييز منصوب ﴿وَلِيَ﴾ خبر مقدم أيضا ﴿نَعْجَةً﴾ مبتدأ مؤخر ﴿واحِدَةٌ﴾ صفة لنعجة والجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها. ﴿فَقالَ﴾ الفاء حرف عطف وقال ماض فاعله مستتر ﴿أَكْفِلْنِيها﴾ أمر ومفعوله الأول والها مفعوله الثاني والفاعل مستتر والجملة مقول القول ﴿وَعَزَّنِي﴾ الواو حرف عطف وماض ومفعوله ﴿فِي الْخِطابِ﴾ متعلقان بعزني والجملة معطوفة على قال لا محل لها.
Page 454
38:17
ٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَٱذۡكُرۡ عَبۡدَنَا دَاوُۥدَ ذَا ٱلۡأَيۡدِۖ إِنَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٌ ١٧
Be patient over what they say and remember Our servant, David, the possessor of strength; indeed, he was one who repeatedly turned back [to Allāh].
38:18
إِنَّا سَخَّرۡنَا ٱلۡجِبَالَ مَعَهُۥ يُسَبِّحۡنَ بِٱلۡعَشِيِّ وَٱلۡإِشۡرَاقِ ١٨
Indeed, We subjected the mountains [to praise] with him, exalting [Allāh] in the [late] afternoon and [after] sunrise.
38:19
وَٱلطَّيۡرَ مَحۡشُورَةٗۖ كُلّٞ لَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٞ ١٩
And the birds were assembled, all with him repeating [praises].
38:20
وَشَدَدۡنَا مُلۡكَهُۥ وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَفَصۡلَ ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٠
And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and discernment in speech.
38:21
۞ وَهَلۡ أَتَىٰكَ نَبَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَصۡمِ إِذۡ تَسَوَّرُواْ ٱلۡمِحۡرَابَ ٢١
And has there come to you the news of the adversaries, when they climbed over the wall of [his] prayer chamber -
38:22
إِذۡ دَخَلُواْ عَلَىٰ دَاوُۥدَ فَفَزِعَ مِنۡهُمۡۖ قَالُواْ لَا تَخَفۡۖ خَصۡمَانِ بَغَىٰ بَعۡضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَنَا بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تُشۡطِطۡ وَٱهۡدِنَآ إِلَىٰ سَوَآءِ ٱلصِّرَٰطِ ٢٢
When they entered upon David and he was alarmed by them? They said, "Fear not. [We are] two adversaries, one of whom has wronged the other, so judge between us with truth and do not exceed [it] and guide us to the sound path.
38:23
إِنَّ هَٰذَآ أَخِي لَهُۥ تِسۡعٞ وَتِسۡعُونَ نَعۡجَةٗ وَلِيَ نَعۡجَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ فَقَالَ أَكۡفِلۡنِيهَا وَعَزَّنِي فِي ٱلۡخِطَابِ ٢٣
Indeed this, my brother, has ninety-nine ewes, and I have one ewe; so he said, 'Entrust her to me,' and he overpowered me in speech."
38:24
قَالَ لَقَدۡ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعۡجَتِكَ إِلَىٰ نِعَاجِهِۦۖ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡخُلَطَآءِ لَيَبۡغِي بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٍ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَقَلِيلٞ مَّا هُمۡۗ وَظَنَّ دَاوُۥدُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّٰهُ فَٱسۡتَغۡفَرَ رَبَّهُۥ وَخَرَّۤ رَاكِعٗاۤ وَأَنَابَ۩ ٢٤
[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in addition] to his ewes. And indeed, many associates oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds - and few are they." And David became certain that We had tried him, and he asked forgiveness of his Lord1 and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned in repentance [to Allāh].
1 translator’s note
- For his errors, such as fear and suspicion of the two men at the outset, any mistake in judgement he might have made, concealed feelings of partiality, etc. ↩
38:25
فَغَفَرۡنَا لَهُۥ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَإِنَّ لَهُۥ عِندَنَا لَزُلۡفَىٰ وَحُسۡنَ مَـَٔابٖ ٢٥
So We forgave him that; and indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return.
38:26
يَٰدَاوُۥدُ إِنَّا جَعَلۡنَٰكَ خَلِيفَةٗ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ ٱلۡهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ شَدِيدُۢ بِمَا نَسُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٢٦
[We said], "O David, indeed We have made you a successor upon the earth, so judge between the people in truth and do not follow [your own] desire, as it will lead you astray from the way of Allāh." Indeed, those who go astray from the way of Allāh will have a severe punishment for having forgotten the Day of Account.