An-NisaJuz 4 · Page 80

An-Nisa 4:15

The Women · Juz 4 · Page 80

وَٱلَّٰتِي يَأۡتِينَ ٱلۡفَٰحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ أَرۡبَعَةٗ مِّنكُمۡۖ فَإِن شَهِدُواْ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ أَوۡ يَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلٗا ١٥

Those who commit immorality [i.e., unlawful sexual intercourse] of your women - bring against them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify,1 confine them [i.e., the guilty women] to houses until death takes them or Allāh ordains for them [another] way.2

2 translator’s notes
  1. The witnesses must swear to actually having seen the act taking place.

    [170] The "other way" (i.e., penalty) was later revealed in 24:2, canceling the ruling in this verse.

    ↩
  2. ↩

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Commentary on 4:15

﴿واللاتي يأتين الفاحشة من نسائكم﴾: الواو استئنافية، والكلام بعدها مستأنف لا محل له من الإعراب، واللاتي اسم موصول، وجملة ﴿يأتين الفاحشة﴾ صلة الموصول لا محل لها من الإعراب، و﴿من نسائكم﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان بمحذوف حال.

﴿فاستشهدوا عليهن أربعة منكم﴾: الفاء رابطة، لما في الموصول من رائحة الشرط، أو الخبر محذوف، و﴿عليهن﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان باستشهدوا، وأربعة مفعول به، ومنكم جار ومجرور متعلقان بمحذوف صفة.

﴿فإن شهدوا فأمسكوهن في البيوت﴾: الفاء استئنافية، وإن شرطية، وشهدوا فعل ماض في محل جزم فعل الشرط، والفاء رابطة، وأمسكوهن فعل أمر، والواو فاعل، والهاء مفعول به، وفي البيوت جار ومجرور متعلقان بأمسكوهن، والجملة في محل جزم جواب الشرط. وجملة ﴿فإن شهدوا...﴾ مستأنفة لا محل لها من الإعراب.

﴿حتى يتوفاهن الموت أو يجعل الله لهن سبيلا﴾: حتى حرف غاية وجر، ويتوفاهن فعل مضارع منصوب بأن المضمرة بعد حتى، وأن والفعل في تأويل مصدر مجرور، والجار والمجرور متعلقان بأمسكوهن، والهاء مفعول به، والموت فاعل، وأو حرف عطف، ويجعل فعل مضارع معطوف على ﴿يتوفاهن﴾، ولفظ الجلالة فاعل، و﴿لهن﴾ جار ومجرور متعلقان بمحذوف حال، وسبيلًا مفعول به.

Saheeh International · Al-I'rab al-Muyassar · Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api · Quran Foundation

Page 80

An-NisaJuz 4 · Page 80

4:15

وَٱلَّٰتِي يَأۡتِينَ ٱلۡفَٰحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ أَرۡبَعَةٗ مِّنكُمۡۖ فَإِن شَهِدُواْ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ أَوۡ يَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلٗا ١٥

Those who commit immorality [i.e., unlawful sexual intercourse] of your women - bring against them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify,1 confine them [i.e., the guilty women] to houses until death takes them or Allāh ordains for them [another] way.2

2 translator’s notes
  1. The witnesses must swear to actually having seen the act taking place.

    [170] The "other way" (i.e., penalty) was later revealed in 24:2, canceling the ruling in this verse.

    ↩
  2. ↩

4:16

وَٱلَّذَانِ يَأۡتِيَٰنِهَا مِنكُمۡ فَـَٔاذُوهُمَاۖ فَإِن تَابَا وَأَصۡلَحَا فَأَعۡرِضُواْ عَنۡهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابٗا رَّحِيمًا ١٦

And the two1 who commit it [i.e., unlawful sexual intercourse] among you - punish [i.e., dishonor] them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed, Allāh is ever Accepting of Repentance and Merciful.

1 translator’s note
  1. Scholars differ over whether "the two" refers to two of the same sex (i.e., homosexuals) or those of opposite sexes. In either case, later rulings outlined in the sunnah have replaced this one. ↩

4:17

إِنَّمَا ٱلتَّوۡبَةُ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٱلسُّوٓءَ بِجَهَٰلَةٖ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٖ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يَتُوبُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمۡۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ١٧

The repentance accepted by Allāh is only for those who do wrong in ignorance [or carelessness] and then repent soon [after].1 It is those to whom Allāh will turn in forgiveness, and Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.

1 translator’s note
  1. Scholars have also interpreted "soon" to mean before death. ↩

4:18

وَلَيۡسَتِ ٱلتَّوۡبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ قَالَ إِنِّي تُبۡتُ ٱلۡـَٰٔنَ وَلَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمۡ كُفَّارٌۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لَهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٨

But repentance is not [accepted] of those who [continue to] do evil deeds up until, when death comes to one of them, he says, "Indeed, I have repented now," or of those who die while they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful punishment.

4:19

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَرِثُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ كَرۡهٗاۖ وَلَا تَعۡضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذۡهَبُواْ بِبَعۡضِ مَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِينَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ مُّبَيِّنَةٖۚ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ فَإِن كَرِهۡتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تَكۡرَهُواْ شَيۡـٔٗا وَيَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗا ١٩

O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion.1 And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them2 unless they commit a clear immorality [i.e., adultery]. And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them - perhaps you dislike a thing and Allāh makes therein much good.

2 translator’s notes
  1. The deceased man's heirs have no rights of marriage or otherwise over his widow.

    [174] At the time of marriage as mahr.

    ↩
  2. ↩
Al-I'rab al-MuyassarTafsir · 4:15

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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