An-Nisa 4:161
The Women · Juz 6 · Page 103
وَأَخۡذِهِمُ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْ وَقَدۡ نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ وَأَكۡلِهِمۡ أَمۡوَٰلَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِۚ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٦١
And [for] their taking of usury while they had been forbidden from it, and their consuming of the people's wealth unjustly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers among them a painful punishment.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Qurtubi
Detailed · Rulings, across the schools of law.
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Commentary on 4:161
الثانية : قال ابن العربي : لا خلاف في مذهب مالك أن الكفار مخاطبون ، وقد بين الله في هذه الآية أنهم قد نهوا عن الربا وأكل الأموال بالباطل ؛ فإن كان ذلك خبرا عما نزل على محمد في القرآن وأنهم دخلوا في الخطاب فبها ونعمت ، وإن كان خبرا عما أنزل الله على موسى في التوراة ، وأنهم بدلوا وحرفوا وعصوا وخالفوا فهل يجوز لنا معاملتهم والقوم قد أفسدوا أموالهم في دينهم أم لا ؟ فظنت طائفة أن معاملتهم لا تجوز ؛ وذلك لما في أموالهم من هذا الفساد . والصحيح جواز معاملتهم مع رباهم واقتحام ما حرم الله سبحانه عليهم ؛ فقد قام الدليل القاطع على ذلك قرآنا وسنة ؛ قال الله تعالى : وطعام الذين أوتوا الكتاب حل لكم وهذا نص ؛ وقد عامل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم اليهود ومات ودرعه مرهونة عند يهودي في شعير أخذه لعياله . والحاسم لداء الشك والخلاف اتفاق الأمة على جواز التجارة مع أهل الحرب ؛ وقد سافر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إليهم تاجرا ، وذلك من سفره أمر قاطع على جواز السفر إليهم والتجارة معهم . فإن قيل : كان ذلك قبل النبوة ؛ قلنا : إنه لم يتدنس قبل النبوة بحرام - ثبت ذلك تواترا - ولا اعتذر عنه إذ بعث ، ولا منع منه إذ نبئ ، ولا قطعه أحد من الصحابة في حياته ، ولا أحد من المسلمين بعد وفاته ؛ فقد كانوا يسافرون في فك الأسرى وذلك واجب ، وفي الصلح كما أرسل عثمان وغيره ؛ وقد يجب وقد يكون ندبا ؛ فأما السفر إليهم لمجرد التجارة فمباح .
Page 103
4:155
فَبِمَا نَقۡضِهِم مِّيثَٰقَهُمۡ وَكُفۡرِهِم بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَتۡلِهِمُ ٱلۡأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيۡرِ حَقّٖ وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ قُلُوبُنَا غُلۡفُۢۚ بَلۡ طَبَعَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهَا بِكُفۡرِهِمۡ فَلَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ١٥٥
And [We cursed them]1 for their breaking of the covenant and their disbelief in the signs of Allāh and their killing of the prophets without right and their saying, "Our hearts are wrapped" [i.e., sealed against reception]. Rather, Allāh has sealed them because of their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few.2
4:156
وَبِكُفۡرِهِمۡ وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ عَلَىٰ مَرۡيَمَ بُهۡتَٰنًا عَظِيمٗا ١٥٦
And [We cursed them] for their disbelief and their saying against Mary a great slander1
1 translator’s note
- When they accused her of fornication. ↩
4:157
وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ إِنَّا قَتَلۡنَا ٱلۡمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَٰكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمۡۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ لَفِي شَكّٖ مِّنۡهُۚ مَا لَهُم بِهِۦ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍ إِلَّا ٱتِّبَاعَ ٱلظَّنِّۚ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينَۢا ١٥٧
And [for] their saying, "Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, the messenger of Allāh." And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.1
1 translator’s note
- Another meaning is "And they did not kill him, being certain [of his identity]," i.e., they killed another assuming it was Jesus (upon whom be peace). ↩
4:158
بَل رَّفَعَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَيۡهِۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمٗا ١٥٨
Rather, Allāh raised him to Himself. And ever is Allāh Exalted in Might and Wise.
4:159
وَإِن مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ إِلَّا لَيُؤۡمِنَنَّ بِهِۦ قَبۡلَ مَوۡتِهِۦۖ وَيَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ شَهِيدٗا ١٥٩
And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in him [i.e., Jesus] before his death.1 And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them a witness.
1 translator’s note
- One interpretation is that "his death" refers to that of Jesus after his return to earth. Or it can mean "the death of every individual from among the People of the Scripture." ↩
4:160
فَبِظُلۡمٖ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ حَرَّمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ طَيِّبَٰتٍ أُحِلَّتۡ لَهُمۡ وَبِصَدِّهِمۡ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ كَثِيرٗا ١٦٠
For wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We made unlawful for them [certain] good foods which had been lawful to them, and for their averting from the way of Allāh many [people],
4:161
وَأَخۡذِهِمُ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْ وَقَدۡ نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ وَأَكۡلِهِمۡ أَمۡوَٰلَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِۚ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٦١
And [for] their taking of usury while they had been forbidden from it, and their consuming of the people's wealth unjustly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers among them a painful punishment.
4:162
لَّٰكِنِ ٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ فِي ٱلۡعِلۡمِ مِنۡهُمۡ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبۡلِكَۚ وَٱلۡمُقِيمِينَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَۚ وَٱلۡمُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ سَنُؤۡتِيهِمۡ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمًا ١٦٢
But those firm in knowledge among them and the believers believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], and what was revealed before you. And the establishers of prayer [especially] and the givers of zakāh and the believers in Allāh and the Last Day - those We will give a great reward.