An-Nisa 4:25
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 82
وَمَن لَّمۡ يَسۡتَطِعۡ مِنكُمۡ طَوۡلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِكُمۚ بَعۡضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡضٖۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذۡنِ أَهۡلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ مُحۡصَنَٰتٍ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحَٰتٖ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخۡدَانٖۚ فَإِذَآ أُحۡصِنَّ فَإِنۡ أَتَيۡنَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ فَعَلَيۡهِنَّ نِصۡفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنۡ خَشِيَ ٱلۡعَنَتَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَأَن تَصۡبِرُواْ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢٥
And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allāh is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation [i.e., mahr] according to what is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears affliction [i.e., sin], but to be patient is better for you. And Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Jalalayn
Brief · The traditional first tafsir: a few words per phrase.
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Commentary on 4:25
﴿ومَن لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا﴾ أيْ غِنًى ﴿أنْ يَنْكِح المُحْصَنات﴾ الحَرائِر ﴿المُؤْمِنات﴾ هُوَ جَرْي عَلى الغالِب فَلا مَفْهُوم لَهُ ﴿فَمِن ما مَلَكَتْ أيْمانكُمْ﴾ يَنْكِح ﴿مِن فَتَياتكُمْ المُؤْمِنات واللَّه أعْلَم بِإيمانِكُمْ﴾ فاكْتَفُوا بِظاهِرِهِ وكِلُوا السَّرائِر إلَيْهِ فَإنَّهُ العالِم بِتَفْضِيلِها ورُبّ أمَة تَفْضُل حُرَّة فِيهِ وهَذا تَأْنِيس بِنِكاحِ الإماء ﴿بَعْضكُمْ مِن بَعْض﴾ أيْ أنْتُمْ وهُنَّ سَواء فِي الدِّين فَلا تَسْتَنْكِفُوا مِن نِكاحهنَّ ﴿فانْكِحُوهُنَّ بِإذْنِ أهْلهنَّ﴾ مَوالِيهنَّ ﴿وآتُوهُنَّ﴾ أعْطُوهُنَّ ﴿أُجُورهنَّ﴾ مُهُورهنَّ ﴿بِالمَعْرُوفِ﴾ مِن غَيْر مَطْل ونَقْص ﴿مُحْصَنات﴾ عَفائِف حال ﴿غَيْر مُسافِحات﴾ زانِيات جَهْرًا ﴿ولا مُتَّخِذات أخْدان﴾ أخِلّاء يَزْنُونَ بِهِنَّ سِرًّا ﴿فَإذا أُحْصِنَّ﴾ زُوِّجْنَ وفِي قِراءَة بِالبِناءِ لِلْفاعِلِ تَزَوَّجْنَ ﴿فَإنْ أتَيْنَ بِفاحِشَةٍ﴾ زِنًا ﴿فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْف ما عَلى المُحْصَنات﴾ الحَرائِر الأَبْكار إذا زَنَيْنَ ﴿مِن العَذاب﴾ الحَدّ فَيُجْلَدْنَ خَمْسِينَ ويُغَرَّبْنَ نِصْف سَنَة ويُقاس عَلَيْهِنَّ العَبِيد ولَمْ يَجْعَل الإحْصان شَرْطًا لِوُجُوبِ الحَدّ لِإفادَةِ أنَّهُ لا رَجْم عَلَيْهِنَّ أصْلًا ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ أيْ نِكاح المَمْلُوكات عِنْد عَدَم الطَّوْل ﴿لِمَن خَشِيَ﴾ خافَ ﴿العَنَت﴾ الزِّنا وأَصْله المَشَقَّة سُمِّيَ بِهِ الزِّنا لِأَنَّهُ سَبَبها بِالحَدِّ فِي الدُّنْيا والعُقُوبَة فِي الآخِرَة ﴿مِنكُمْ﴾ بِخِلافِ مَن لا يَخافهُ مِن الأَحْرار فَلا يَحِلّ لَهُ نِكاحها وكَذا مَن اسْتَطاعَ طَوْل حُرَّة وعَلَيْهِ الشّافِعِيّ وخَرَجَ بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿مِن فَتَياتكُمْ المُؤْمِنات﴾ الكافِرات: فَلا يَحِلّ لَهُ نِكاحها ولَوْ عَدِمَ وخافَ ﴿وأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا﴾ عَنْ نِكاح المَمْلُوكات ﴿خَيْر لَكُمْ﴾ لِئَلّا يَصِير الوَلَد رَقِيقًا ﴿واللَّه غَفُور رَحِيم﴾ بِالتَّوْسِعَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ
Page 82
4:24
۞ وَٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۖ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَآءَ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَن تَبۡتَغُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِكُم مُّحۡصِنِينَ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَۚ فَمَا ٱسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۡهُنَّ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا تَرَٰضَيۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱلۡفَرِيضَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ٢٤
And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess.1 [This is] the decree of Allāh upon you. And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these, [provided] that you seek them [in marriage] with [gifts from] your property, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy [of marriage] from them, give them their due compensation2 as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.
4:25
وَمَن لَّمۡ يَسۡتَطِعۡ مِنكُمۡ طَوۡلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِكُمۚ بَعۡضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡضٖۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذۡنِ أَهۡلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ مُحۡصَنَٰتٍ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحَٰتٖ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخۡدَانٖۚ فَإِذَآ أُحۡصِنَّ فَإِنۡ أَتَيۡنَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ فَعَلَيۡهِنَّ نِصۡفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنۡ خَشِيَ ٱلۡعَنَتَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَأَن تَصۡبِرُواْ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢٥
And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allāh is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation [i.e., mahr] according to what is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears affliction [i.e., sin], but to be patient is better for you. And Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
4:26
يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمۡ وَيَهۡدِيَكُمۡ سُنَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٦
Allāh wants to make clear to you [the lawful from the unlawful] and guide you to the [good] practices of those before you and to accept your repentance. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.