An-Nisa 4:33
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 83
وَلِكُلّٖ جَعَلۡنَا مَوَٰلِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلۡوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبُونَۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ فَـَٔاتُوهُمۡ نَصِيبَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ شَهِيدًا ٣٣
And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom your oaths have bound [to you] - give them their share.1 Indeed Allāh is ever, over all things, a Witness.
1 translator’s note
- By bequest, as only those relatives mentioned in verses 11 and 12 inherit fixed shares. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
An-Nasafi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 4:33
﴿وَلِكُلٍّ﴾ المُضافُ إلَيْهِ مَحْذُوفٌ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: ولِكُلِّ أحَدٍ، أوْ لِكُلِّ مالٍ.
﴿جَعَلْنا مَوالِيَ﴾ وُرّاثًا يَلُونَهُ ويُحْرِزُونَهُ ﴿مِمّا تَرَكَ الوالِدانِ والأقْرَبُونَ﴾ هو صِفَةُ مالٍ مَحْذُوفٍ، أيْ: لِكُلِّ مالٍ تَرَكَهُ الوالِدانِ، أوْ هو مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِفِعْلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ المَوالِي، تَقْدِيرُهُ: يَرِثُونَ مِمّا تَرَكَ.
﴿والَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أيْمانُكُمْ﴾ عاقَدَتْهم أيْدِيكُمْ، وهو مُبْتَدَأٌ ضُمِّنَ مَعْنى الشَرْطِ، فَوَقَعَ خَبَرُهُ، وهو ﴿فَآتُوهم نَصِيبَهُمْ﴾ مَعَ الفاءِ. (عَقَدَتْ) كُوفِيٌّ، أيْ: عَقَدَتْ عُهُودَهم أيْمانُكم. والمُرادُ بِهِ عَقْدُ المُوالاةِ، وهي مَشْرُوعَةٌ، والوِراثَةُ بِها ثابِتَةٌ عِنْدَ عامَّةِ الصَحابَةِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهم وهو قَوْلُنا. وتَفْسِيرُهُ: إذا أسْلَمَ رَجُلٌ أوِ امْرَأةٌ لا وارِثَ لَهُ، ولَيْسَ بِعَرَبِيٍّ، ولا مُعْتَقٍ، فَيَقُولُ لِآخَرَ: والَيْتُكَ عَلى أنْ تَعْقِلَنِي إذا جَنَيْتُ، وتَرِثَ مِنِّي إذا مِتُّ، ويَقُولُ الآخَرُ: قَبِلْتُ، انْعَقَدَ ذَلِكَ، ويَرِثُ الأعْلى مِنَ الأسْفَلِ.
﴿إنَّ اللهَ كانَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدًا﴾ أيْ: هو عالِمُ الغَيْبِ والشَهادَةِ، وهو أبْلَغُ وعْدٍ ووَعِيدٍ.
Page 83
4:27
وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَن يَتُوبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَيُرِيدُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلشَّهَوَٰتِ أَن تَمِيلُواْ مَيۡلًا عَظِيمٗا ٢٧
Allāh wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow [their] passions want you to digress [into] a great deviation.
4:28
يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمۡۚ وَخُلِقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ ضَعِيفٗا ٢٨
And Allāh wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and mankind was created weak.
4:29
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَكُم بَيۡنَكُم بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنكُمۡۚ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمۡ رَحِيمٗا ٢٩
O you who have believed, do not consume one another's wealth unjustly1 but only [in lawful] business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allāh is to you ever Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., unlawfully or under false pretense. ↩
4:30
وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَٰلِكَ عُدۡوَٰنٗا وَظُلۡمٗا فَسَوۡفَ نُصۡلِيهِ نَارٗاۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرًا ٣٠
And whoever does that in aggression and injustice - then We will drive him into a Fire. And that, for Allāh, is [always] easy.
4:31
إِن تَجۡتَنِبُواْ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنۡهَوۡنَ عَنۡهُ نُكَفِّرۡ عَنكُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡ وَنُدۡخِلۡكُم مُّدۡخَلٗا كَرِيمٗا ٣١
If you avoid the major sins which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser sins and admit you to a noble entrance [into Paradise].
4:32
وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوۡاْ مَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ بَعۡضَكُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا ٱكۡتَسَبُواْۖ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا ٱكۡتَسَبۡنَۚ وَسۡـَٔلُواْ ٱللَّهَ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٗا ٣٢
And do not wish for that by which Allāh has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of1 what they have earned. And ask Allāh of His bounty. Indeed Allāh is ever, of all things, Knowing.
1 translator’s note
- This may refer to shares of inheritance, wages and reward in the Hereafter. ↩
4:33
وَلِكُلّٖ جَعَلۡنَا مَوَٰلِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلۡوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبُونَۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ فَـَٔاتُوهُمۡ نَصِيبَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ شَهِيدًا ٣٣
And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom your oaths have bound [to you] - give them their share.1 Indeed Allāh is ever, over all things, a Witness.
1 translator’s note
- By bequest, as only those relatives mentioned in verses 11 and 12 inherit fixed shares. ↩