An-Nisa 4:34
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 84
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤
Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.
4 translator’s notes
This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
[183] i.e., their husbands' property and their own chastity.
[184] i.e., major rebellion or refusal of basic religious obligations.
[185] This final disciplinary measure is more psychological than physical. It may be resorted to only after failure of the first two measures and when it is expected to amend the situation and prevent family breakup; otherwise, it is not acceptable. The Prophet ﷺ (who never struck a woman or a servant) additionally stipulated that it must not be severe or damaging and that the face be avoided.
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Tafsir · in Arabic
Ad-Da''as
Medium
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Commentary on 4:34
﴿الرِّجالُ﴾ مبتدأ ﴿قَوَّامُونَ﴾ خبر مرفوع بالواو ﴿عَلَى النِّساءِ﴾ متعلقان بقوامون ﴿بِما فَضَّلَ﴾ الجار والمجرور متعلقان بقوامون وفضل فعل ماض ﴿اللَّهُ﴾ لفظ الجلالة فاعله ﴿بَعْضَهُمْ﴾ مفعوله ﴿عَلى بَعْضٍ﴾ متعلقان بفضل والمصدر المؤول من ما والفعل في محل جر بحرف الجر أي: بتفضيل، والجار والمجرور متعلقان بقوامون ﴿وَبِما أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوالِهِمْ﴾ الجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها وهي مثلها في إعرابها ﴿فَالصَّالِحاتُ﴾ الفاء استئنافية الصالحات مبتدأ ﴿قانِتاتٌ﴾ خبر أول ﴿حافِظاتٌ لِلْغَيْبِ﴾ خبر ثان تعلق به الجار والمجرور بعده ﴿بِما حَفِظَ اللَّهُ﴾ فعل ماض وفاعل والمصدر المؤول من ما والفعل في محل جر بالباء أي: بحفظ الله لهن ﴿وَاللَّاتِي﴾ الواو استئنافية اللاتي اسم موصول مبتدأ ﴿تَخافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ﴾ فعل مضارع وفاعل ومفعول به والجملة صلة ﴿فَعِظُوهُنَّ﴾ الفاء واقعة في جواب اسم الموصول لما فيه من شبه الشرط عظوهن فعل أمر وفاعله ومفعوله والجملة خبر اللاتي ﴿وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ﴾ عطف ﴿فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ﴾ فعل ماض ونون النسوة فاعله والكاف مفعوله وهو في محل جزم فعل الشرط ﴿فَلا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾ فعل مضارع مجزوم وفاعله ومفعوله والجار والمجرور متعلقان بالفعل قبلهما والجملة في محل جزم جواب الشرط.
﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ﴾ إن واسمها ﴿كانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيراً﴾ كان وخبراها واسمها ضمير مستتر.
Page 84
4:34
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤
Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.
4 translator’s notes
This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
[183] i.e., their husbands' property and their own chastity.
[184] i.e., major rebellion or refusal of basic religious obligations.
[185] This final disciplinary measure is more psychological than physical. It may be resorted to only after failure of the first two measures and when it is expected to amend the situation and prevent family breakup; otherwise, it is not acceptable. The Prophet ﷺ (who never struck a woman or a servant) additionally stipulated that it must not be severe or damaging and that the face be avoided.
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4:35
وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ شِقَاقَ بَيۡنِهِمَا فَٱبۡعَثُواْ حَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَحَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصۡلَٰحٗا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيۡنَهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرٗا ٣٥
And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allāh will cause it between them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Aware.
4:36
۞ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخۡتَالٗا فَخُورًا ٣٦
Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,
1 translator’s note
- i.e., those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife. ↩
4:37
ٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡخَلُونَ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلۡبُخۡلِ وَيَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٗا مُّهِينٗا ٣٧
Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allāh has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -