An-Nisa 4:34
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 84
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤
Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.
4 translator’s notes
This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
[183] i.e., their husbands' property and their own chastity.
[184] i.e., major rebellion or refusal of basic religious obligations.
[185] This final disciplinary measure is more psychological than physical. It may be resorted to only after failure of the first two measures and when it is expected to amend the situation and prevent family breakup; otherwise, it is not acceptable. The Prophet ﷺ (who never struck a woman or a servant) additionally stipulated that it must not be severe or damaging and that the face be avoided.
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Tafsir · in Arabic
As-Sam'ani
Medium
Change
Commentary on 4:34
قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿الرِّجَال قوامون على النِّسَاء بِمَا فضل الله بَعضهم على بعض﴾ سَبَب نزُول الْآيَة: أَن امْرَأَة سعد بن الرّبيع جَاءَت إِلَى النَّبِي وَقَالَت: " إِن زَوجي لطمني على وَجْهي، وَهَذَا أَثَره، فَقَالَ: اذهبي فاقتصي مِنْهُ؛ فَنزل قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿الرِّجَال قوامون على النِّسَاء بِمَا فضل الله﴾ يَعْنِي: بالتأديب.
قَالَ الْحسن: لما قَالَ لَهَا: اذهبي فاقتصي مِنْهُ؛ نزل قَوْله: ﴿وَلَا تعجل بِالْقُرْآنِ من قبل أَن يقْضى إِلَيْك وحيه﴾ أَي: لَا تحكم قبل أَن ينزل حكم الله.
والقوام والقيم بِمَعْنى وَاحِد، والقوام أبلغ: وَهُوَ الْقَائِم بالمصالح وَالتَّدْبِير، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
(الله بيني وَبَين قيمها ... يفر مني وأتبع)
﴿بِمَا فضل الله بَعضهم على بعض﴾ يَعْنِي: الرِّجَال على النِّسَاء بِالْعقلِ، وَالْعلم، والحلم. ﴿وَبِمَا أَنْفقُوا من أَمْوَالهم﴾ يَعْنِي: بِإِعْطَاء الْمهْر، وَالنَّفقَة.
﴿فالصالحات قانتات﴾ يَعْنِي: مطيعات، وَقيل: مصليات ﴿حافظات للغيب﴾ أَي: حافظات للفروج فِي غيبَة الْأزْوَاج ﴿بِمَا حفظ الله﴾ يَعْنِي: بِمَا حفظهن الله من إيصاء الْأزْوَاج بأَدَاء حقهن من الْمهْر وَالنَّفقَة، وَقيل: مَعْنَاهُ: حافظات للغيب بِحِفْظ الله، وَقَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَر الْمدنِي " بِمَا حفظ الله " بِفَتْح الْهَاء يَعْنِي: بِمَا حفظ الله من طاعتهن وعبادتهن.
﴿واللاتي تخافون نشوزهن﴾ النُّشُوز: هُوَ الشقاق (فعظوهن) أَي: بالتخويف من الله، والوعظ بالْقَوْل، ﴿واهجروهن فِي الْمضَاجِع﴾ قَالَ ابْن عَبَّاس: وَمَعْنَاهُ: ولوهن ظهوركم فِي الْمضَاجِع؛ وَذَلِكَ بِأَن يوليها ظَهره فِي الْفراش، وَلَا يكلمها، وَقيل: مَعْنَاهُ: أَن يعتزل عَنْهَا فِي فرَاش آخر.
﴿واضربوهن﴾ يعْنى: ضربا غير مبرح، وَذَلِكَ ضرب، لَيْسَ فِيهِ جرح وَلَا كسر، قَالَ عَطاء: ضرب بِالسِّوَاكِ وَنَحْوه. ﴿فَإِن أطعنكم فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلا﴾ يَعْنِي: بالتعلل، والتجني، وَقيل: فَلَا تكلفوهن محبتكم؛ فَإِن الْقلب لَيْسَ بأيديهن ﴿إِن الله كَانَ عليا كَبِيرا﴾ أَي: متعاليا عَن أَن يُكَلف الْعباد مَا لَا يطيقُونَهُ، وَفِي الْخَبَر: " لَو جَازَ أَن يسْجد أحد لأحد لأمرت الزَّوْجَة أَن تسْجد لزَوجهَا؛ لما لَهُ عَلَيْهَا من الْحُقُوق ".
وروى مَرْفُوعا: " خير النِّسَاء من إِذا دخلت عَلَيْهَا سرتك، وَإِن أَمَرتهَا أَطَاعَتك وَإِن غبت عَنْهَا حفظتك ".
Page 84
4:34
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤
Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.
4 translator’s notes
This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
[183] i.e., their husbands' property and their own chastity.
[184] i.e., major rebellion or refusal of basic religious obligations.
[185] This final disciplinary measure is more psychological than physical. It may be resorted to only after failure of the first two measures and when it is expected to amend the situation and prevent family breakup; otherwise, it is not acceptable. The Prophet ﷺ (who never struck a woman or a servant) additionally stipulated that it must not be severe or damaging and that the face be avoided.
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4:35
وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ شِقَاقَ بَيۡنِهِمَا فَٱبۡعَثُواْ حَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَحَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصۡلَٰحٗا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيۡنَهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرٗا ٣٥
And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allāh will cause it between them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Aware.
4:36
۞ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخۡتَالٗا فَخُورًا ٣٦
Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,
1 translator’s note
- i.e., those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife. ↩
4:37
ٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡخَلُونَ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلۡبُخۡلِ وَيَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٗا مُّهِينٗا ٣٧
Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allāh has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -