An-Nisa 4:35
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 84
وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ شِقَاقَ بَيۡنِهِمَا فَٱبۡعَثُواْ حَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَحَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصۡلَٰحٗا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيۡنَهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرٗا ٣٥
And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allāh will cause it between them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Aware.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
Change
Commentary on 4:35
﴿وَإنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقاقَ بَيْنِهِما﴾ خِلافًا بَيْنَ المَرْأةِ وزَوْجِها، أضْمَرَهُما وإنْ لَمْ يَجْرِ ذِكْرُهُما لِجَرْيِ ما يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِما وإضافَةُ الشِّقاقِ إلى الظَّرْفِ إمّا لِإجْرائِهِ مَجْرى المَفْعُولِ بِهِ كَقَوْلِهِ: يا سارِقَ اللَّيْلَةَ أهْلَ الدّارِ. أوْ لِفاعِلٍ كَقَوْلِهِمْ نَهارُكَ صائِمٌ. ﴿فابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِن أهْلِهِ وحَكَمًا مِن أهْلِها﴾ فابْعَثُوا أيُّها الحُكّامُ مَتى اشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْكم حالُهُما لِتَبْيِينِ الأمْرِ أوْ إصْلاحِ ذاتِ البَيْنِ، رَجُلًا وسَطًا يَصْلُحُ لِلْحُكُومَةِ والإصْلاحِ مِن أهْلِهِ وآخَرَ مِن أهْلِها، فَإنَّ الأقارِبَ أعْرَفُ بِبَواطِنِ الأحْوالِ وأطْلَبُ لِلصَّلاحِ، وهَذا عَلى وجْهِ الِاسْتِحْبابِ فَلَوْ نُصِّبا مِنَ الأجانِبِ جازَ.
وَقِيلَ الخِطابُ لِلْأزْواجِ والزَّوْجاتِ، واسْتُدِلَّ بِهِ عَلى جَوازِ التَّحْكِيمِ، والأظْهَرُ أنَّ النَّصْبَ لِإصْلاحِ ذاتِ البَيْنِ أوْ لِتَبْيِينِ الأمْرِ ولا يَلِيانِ الجَمْعَ والتَّفْرِيقَ إلّا بِإذْنِ الزَّوْجَيْنِ، وقالَ مالِكٌ لَهُما أنْ يَتَخالَعا إنْ وجَدا الصَّلاحَ فِيهِ. ﴿إنْ يُرِيدا إصْلاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُما﴾ الضَّمِيرُ الأوَّلُ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ والثّانِي لِلزَّوْجَيْنِ، أيْ إنْ قَصَدا الإصْلاحَ أوْقَعَ اللَّهُ بِحُسْنِ سَعْيِهِما المُوافَقَةَ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ. وقِيلَ كِلاهُما لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ أيْ إنْ قَصَدا الإصْلاحَ يُوَفِّقُ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُما لِتَتَّفِقَ كَلِمَتُهُما ويَحْصُلَ مَقْصُودُهُما. وقِيلَ لِلزَّوْجَيْنِ أيْ إنْ أرادا الإصْلاحَ وزَوالَ الشِّقاقِ أوْقَعَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُما الأُلْفَةَ والوِفاقَ، وفِيهِ تَنْبِيهٌ عَلى أنَّ مَن أصْلَحَ نِيَّتَهُ فِيما يَتَحَرّاهُ أصْلَحَ اللَّهُ مُبْتَغاهُ. ﴿إنَّ اللَّهَ كانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا﴾ بِالظَّواهِرِ والبَواطِنِ، فَيَعْلَمُ كَيْفَ يَرْفَعُ الشِّقاقَ ويُوقِعُ الوِفاقَ.
Page 84
4:34
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤
Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.
4 translator’s notes
This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
[183] i.e., their husbands' property and their own chastity.
[184] i.e., major rebellion or refusal of basic religious obligations.
[185] This final disciplinary measure is more psychological than physical. It may be resorted to only after failure of the first two measures and when it is expected to amend the situation and prevent family breakup; otherwise, it is not acceptable. The Prophet ﷺ (who never struck a woman or a servant) additionally stipulated that it must not be severe or damaging and that the face be avoided.
↩- ↩
- ↩
- ↩
4:35
وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ شِقَاقَ بَيۡنِهِمَا فَٱبۡعَثُواْ حَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَحَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصۡلَٰحٗا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيۡنَهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرٗا ٣٥
And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allāh will cause it between them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Aware.
4:36
۞ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخۡتَالٗا فَخُورًا ٣٦
Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,
1 translator’s note
- i.e., those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife. ↩
4:37
ٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡخَلُونَ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلۡبُخۡلِ وَيَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٗا مُّهِينٗا ٣٧
Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allāh has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -