An-Nisa 4:36
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 84
۞ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخۡتَالٗا فَخُورًا ٣٦
Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,
1 translator’s note
- i.e., those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ad-Da''as
Medium
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Commentary on 4:35–36
﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ﴾ إن شرطية جازمة وفعل ماض والتاء فاعله وهو في محل جزم فعل الشرط ﴿شِقاقَ﴾ مفعوله ﴿بَيْنِهِما﴾ مضاف إليه ﴿فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً﴾ فعل أمر وفاعله ومفعوله والجملة في محل جزم جواب الشرط ﴿مِنْ أَهْلِهِ﴾ متعلقان بمحذوف صفة لحكما ﴿وَحَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها﴾ عطف ﴿إِنْ يُرِيدا إِصْلاحاً﴾ فعل مضارع مجزوم بحذف النون وألف الاثنين فاعله وإصلاحا مفعوله ﴿يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ﴾ جواب الشرط المجزوم وفاعله و ﴿بَيْنِهِما﴾ ظرف مكان متعلق بيوفق والجملة جواب شرط لا محل لها لم تقترن بالفاء. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كانَ عَلِيماً خَبِيراً﴾ سبق إعراب مثلها. ﴿وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ﴾ فعل أمر وفاعله ومفعوله والجملة مستأنفة ﴿وَلا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً﴾ لا ناهية ومضارع مجزوم بحذف النون تعلق به الجار والمجرور بعده والواو فاعله وشيئا مفعوله أو مفعول مطلق ﴿وَبِالْوالِدَيْنِ إِحْساناً﴾ مفعول مطلق لفعل محذوف تقديره: وأحسنوا وقد تعلق بهذا الفعل الجار والمجرور ﴿وَبِذِي الْقُرْبى وَالْيَتامى وَالْمَساكِينِ، وَالْجارِ ذِي الْقُرْبى وَالْجارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنْبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ معطوفة على بالوالدين، وذي اسم مجرور بالياء لأنه من الأسماء الخمسة، بالجنب متعلقان بمحذوف حال من الصاحب ﴿وَما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ﴾ ما اسم موصول معطوف على ما قبله وجملة ﴿مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ﴾ صلة الموصول. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ﴾ إن ولفظ الجلالة اسمها ﴿لا يُحِبُّ مَنْ﴾ فعل مضارع واسم الموصول مفعول به والجملة خبر إن ﴿كانَ مُخْتالًا فَخُوراً﴾ كان وخبراها والجملة صلة الموصول واسم كان ضمير مستتر.
Page 84
4:34
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤
Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.
4 translator’s notes
This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
[183] i.e., their husbands' property and their own chastity.
[184] i.e., major rebellion or refusal of basic religious obligations.
[185] This final disciplinary measure is more psychological than physical. It may be resorted to only after failure of the first two measures and when it is expected to amend the situation and prevent family breakup; otherwise, it is not acceptable. The Prophet ﷺ (who never struck a woman or a servant) additionally stipulated that it must not be severe or damaging and that the face be avoided.
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4:35
وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ شِقَاقَ بَيۡنِهِمَا فَٱبۡعَثُواْ حَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَحَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصۡلَٰحٗا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيۡنَهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرٗا ٣٥
And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allāh will cause it between them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Aware.
4:36
۞ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخۡتَالٗا فَخُورًا ٣٦
Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,
1 translator’s note
- i.e., those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife. ↩
4:37
ٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡخَلُونَ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلۡبُخۡلِ وَيَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٗا مُّهِينٗا ٣٧
Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allāh has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -