An-Nisa 4:95
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 94
لَّا يَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡقَٰعِدُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ غَيۡرُ أُوْلِي ٱلضَّرَرِ وَٱلۡمُجَٰهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡۚ فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ دَرَجَةٗۚ وَكُلّٗا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَفَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٩٥
Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] - other than the disabled - and the mujāhideen, [who strive and fight] in the cause of Allāh with their wealth and their lives. Allāh has preferred the mujāhideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain [behind], by degrees. And to all [i.e., both] Allāh has promised the best [reward]. But Allāh has preferred the mujāhideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward -
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 4:95
﴿لا يَسْتَوِي القاعِدُونَ﴾ عَنِ الحَرْبِ. ﴿مِنَ المُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ في مَوْضِعِ الحالِ مِنَ القاعِدِينَ أوْ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ الَّذِي فِيهِ. ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ بِالرَّفْعِ صِفَةً لِلْقاعِدُونَ لِأنَّهُ لَمْ يُقْصَدْ بِهِ قَوْمٌ بِأعْيانِهِمْ أوْ بَدَلٌ مِنهُ. وقَرَأ نافِعٌ وابْنُ عامِرٍ والكِسائِيُّ بِالنَّصْبِ عَلى الحالِ أوِ الِاسْتِثْناءِ. وقُرِئَ بِالجَرِّ عَلى أنَّهُ صِفَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أوْ بَدَلٌ مِنهُ.
«وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّها نَزَلَتْ ولَمْ يَكُنْ فِيها غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ فَقالَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ: وكَيْفَ وأنا أعْمى فَغَشِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ في مَجْلِسِهِ الوَحْيُ، فَوَقَعَتْ فَخِذُهُ عَلى فَخِذِي حَتّى خَشِيتُ أنْ تَرُضَّها ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَقالَ اكْتُبْ: ﴿لا يَسْتَوِي القاعِدُونَ مِنَ المُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ والمُجاهِدُونَ في سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأمْوالِهِمْ وأنْفُسِهِمْ﴾» أيْ لا مُساواةَ بَيْنَهم وبَيْنَ مَن قَعَدَ عَنِ الجِهادِ مِن غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ. وفائِدَتُهُ تَذْكِيرُ ما بَيْنَهُما مِنَ التَّفاوُتِ لِيَرْغَبَ القاعِدُ في الجِهادِ رَفْعًا لِرُتْبَتِهِ وأنَفَةً عَنِ انْحِطاطِ مَنزِلَتِهِ. ﴿فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ المُجاهِدِينَ بِأمْوالِهِمْ وأنْفُسِهِمْ عَلى القاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً﴾ جُمْلَةٌ مُوَضِّحَةٌ لِما نُفِيَ الِاسْتِواءُ فِيهِ والقاعِدُونَ عَلى التَّقْيِيدِ السّابِقِ، ودَرَجَةً نُصِبَ بِنَزْعِ الخافِضِ أيْ بِدَرَجَةٍ أوْ عَلى المَصْدَرِ لِأنَّهُ تَضَمَّنَ مَعْنى التَّفْضِيلِ ووَقَعَ مَوْقِعَ المَرَّةِ مِنهُ، أوِ الحالِ بِمَعْنى ذَوِي دَرَجَةٍ. ﴿وَكُلا﴾ مِنَ القاعِدِينَ والمُجاهِدِينَ. ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الحُسْنى﴾ المَثُوبَةَ الحُسْنى وهي الجَنَّةُ لِحُسْنِ عَقِيدَتِهِمْ وخُلُوصُ نِيَّتِهِمْ، وإنَّما التَّفاوُتُ في زِيادَةِ العَمَلِ المُقْتَضِي لِمَزِيدِ الثَّوابِ. ﴿وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ المُجاهِدِينَ عَلى القاعِدِينَ أجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ نُصِبَ عَلى المَصْدَرِ لِأنَّ فَضْلًا بِمَعْنى أجْرٍ، أوِ المَفْعُولُ الثّانِي لَهُ لِتَضَمُّنِهِ مَعْنى الإعْطاءِ كَأنَّهُ قِيلَ: وأعْطاهم زِيادَةً عَلى (p-92)القاعِدِينَ أجْرًا عَظِيمًا.
Page 94
4:95
لَّا يَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡقَٰعِدُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ غَيۡرُ أُوْلِي ٱلضَّرَرِ وَٱلۡمُجَٰهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡۚ فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ دَرَجَةٗۚ وَكُلّٗا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَفَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٩٥
Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] - other than the disabled - and the mujāhideen, [who strive and fight] in the cause of Allāh with their wealth and their lives. Allāh has preferred the mujāhideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain [behind], by degrees. And to all [i.e., both] Allāh has promised the best [reward]. But Allāh has preferred the mujāhideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward -
4:96
دَرَجَٰتٖ مِّنۡهُ وَمَغۡفِرَةٗ وَرَحۡمَةٗۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمًا ٩٦
Degrees [of high position] from Him and forgiveness and mercy. And Allāh is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
4:97
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَوَفَّىٰهُمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ ظَالِمِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ قَالُواْ فِيمَ كُنتُمۡۖ قَالُواْ كُنَّا مُسۡتَضۡعَفِينَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ قَالُوٓاْ أَلَمۡ تَكُنۡ أَرۡضُ ٱللَّهِ وَٰسِعَةٗ فَتُهَاجِرُواْ فِيهَاۚ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ مَأۡوَىٰهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُۖ وَسَآءَتۡ مَصِيرًا ٩٧
Indeed, those whom the angels take [in death] while wronging themselves1 - [the angels] will say, "In what [condition] were you?" They will say, "We were oppressed in the land." They [the angels] will say, "Was not the earth of Allāh spacious [enough] for you to emigrate therein?" For those, their refuge is Hell - and evil it is as a destination.
1 translator’s note
- By preferring to remain among the disbelievers, although they have the means to emigrate, in an environment where a Muslim is unable to practice his religion freely. ↩
4:98
إِلَّا ٱلۡمُسۡتَضۡعَفِينَ مِنَ ٱلرِّجَالِ وَٱلنِّسَآءِ وَٱلۡوِلۡدَٰنِ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةٗ وَلَا يَهۡتَدُونَ سَبِيلٗا ٩٨
Except for the oppressed among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan nor are they directed to a way1 -
1 translator’s note
- They are prevented by circumstances beyond their control. ↩
4:99
فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَعۡفُوَ عَنۡهُمۡۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَفُوًّا غَفُورٗا ٩٩
For those it is expected that Allāh will pardon them, and Allāh is ever Pardoning1 and Forgiving.
1 translator’s note
- Refer to footnote in 4:43. ↩
4:100
۞ وَمَن يُهَاجِرۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ يَجِدۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مُرَٰغَمٗا كَثِيرٗا وَسَعَةٗۚ وَمَن يَخۡرُجۡ مِنۢ بَيۡتِهِۦ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ ثُمَّ يُدۡرِكۡهُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ فَقَدۡ وَقَعَ أَجۡرُهُۥ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ١٠٠
And whoever emigrates for the cause of Allāh will find on the earth many [alternative] locations and abundance. And whoever leaves his home as an emigrant to Allāh and His Messenger and then death overtakes him - his reward has already become incumbent upon Allāh. And Allāh is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
4:101
وَإِذَا ضَرَبۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَقۡصُرُواْ مِنَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ إِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَن يَفۡتِنَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ كَانُواْ لَكُمۡ عَدُوّٗا مُّبِينٗا ١٠١
And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer,1 [especially] if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you.2 Indeed, the disbelievers are ever to you a clear enemy.