Az-Zukhruf 43:32
The Ornaments of Gold · Juz 25 · Page 491
أَهُمۡ يَقۡسِمُونَ رَحۡمَتَ رَبِّكَۚ نَحۡنُ قَسَمۡنَا بَيۡنَهُم مَّعِيشَتَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَرَفَعۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٖ دَرَجَٰتٖ لِّيَتَّخِذَ بَعۡضُهُم بَعۡضٗا سُخۡرِيّٗاۗ وَرَحۡمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيۡرٞ مِّمَّا يَجۡمَعُونَ ٣٢
Do they distribute the mercy of your Lord? It is We who have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in degrees [of rank] that they may make use of one another for service. But the mercy of your Lord is better than whatever they accumulate.
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Commentary on 43:32
وَقَوله: ﴿أهم يقسمون رَحْمَة رَبك﴾ أَي: رِسَالَة رَبك فيختارون لَهَا من شَاءُوا. وَمَعْنَاهُ: أَنه لَيْسَ لَهُم هَذَا الِاخْتِيَار.
وَقَوله: ﴿نَحن قسمنا بَينهم معيشتهم فِي الْحَيَاة الدُّنْيَا﴾ أَي: كَمَا قسمنا معيشة الْحَيَاة الدُّنْيَا فاخترنا للغنى من شِئْنَا، وللفقر من شِئْنَا، فَكَذَلِك اخترنا واصطفينا للرسالة من شِئْنَا. وَقد روى ابْن مَسْعُود أَن النَّبِي قَالَ: " إِن الله قسم بَيْنكُم أخلاقكم كَمَا قسم بَيْنكُم أرزاقكم، وَإِن الله يُعْطي الدُّنْيَا من يحب وَمن لَا يحب، وَلَا يُعْطي الدّين إِلَّا من يُحِبهُ، وَمن أعطَاهُ الدّين فقد أحبه ". وَعَن قَتَادَة: رب رجل ضَعِيف (الجبلة) عيي اللِّسَان [مَبْسُوط لَهُ] فِي الرزق، وَرب رجل شَدِيد (الجبلة) ، فصيح اللِّسَان مقتر عَلَيْهِ فِي الرزق.
وَقَوله: ﴿ورفعنا بَعضهم فَوق بعض دَرَجَات﴾ أَي: فِي الدُّنْيَا، فغني وفقير، وفاضل ومفضول، وحر وَعبد، وصحيح وَسَقِيم، وَأَشْبَاه ذَلِك.
وَقَوله: ﴿ليتَّخذ بَعضهم بَعْضًا سخريا﴾ أَي: خولا. وَقيل: بتسخير الْغَنِيّ الْفَقِير بِمَالِه، وَالْقَوِي الضَّعِيف بِفضل قوته. وَيُقَال: تتخذونهم مماليك وعبيدا، وَبِهَذَا الْقيام صَلَاح الْعَالم، وَأنْشد بَعضهم:
(سُبْحَانَ من سخر [الْأَنَام] بَعضهم ... للْبَعْض حِين اسْتَوَى التَّدْبِير واطردا)
(فَصَارَ يخْدم هَذَا ذَاك من جِهَة ... وَذَاكَ من جِهَة هَذَا وَإِن بعدا)
(كل بِمَا عِنْده مُسْتَبْشِرٍ فَرح ... يرى السَّعَادَة فِيمَا نَالَ واعتقدا)
وَقَوله: ﴿وَرَحْمَة رَبك خير مِمَّا يجمعُونَ﴾ أَي: النُّبُوَّة خير مِمَّا يجمعُونَ من الدُّنْيَا، وَقيل: الْآخِرَة خير من الدُّنْيَا. وَقُرِئَ: " تجمعون " بِالتَّاءِ، وَالْأول أشهر.
Page 491
43:23
وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ فِي قَرۡيَةٖ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتۡرَفُوهَآ إِنَّا وَجَدۡنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم مُّقۡتَدُونَ ٢٣
And similarly, We did not send before you any warner into a city except that its affluent said, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are, in their footsteps, following."
43:24
۞ قَٰلَ أَوَلَوۡ جِئۡتُكُم بِأَهۡدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدتُّمۡ عَلَيۡهِ ءَابَآءَكُمۡۖ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا بِمَآ أُرۡسِلۡتُم بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ٢٤
[Each warner] said, "Even if I brought you better guidance than that [religion] upon which you found your fathers?" They said, "Indeed we, in that with which you were sent, are disbelievers."
43:25
فَٱنتَقَمۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡۖ فَٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلۡمُكَذِّبِينَ ٢٥
So We took retribution from them; then see how was the end of the deniers.
43:26
وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوۡمِهِۦٓ إِنَّنِي بَرَآءٞ مِّمَّا تَعۡبُدُونَ ٢٦
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Abraham said to his father and his people, "Indeed, I am disassociated from that which you worship
43:27
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِي فَطَرَنِي فَإِنَّهُۥ سَيَهۡدِينِ ٢٧
Except for He who created me; and indeed, He will guide me."
43:28
وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةَۢ بَاقِيَةٗ فِي عَقِبِهِۦ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٢٨
And he made it1 a word remaining among his descendants that they might return [to it].
1 translator’s note
- i.e., his testimony that none is worthy of worship except Allāh. ↩
43:29
بَلۡ مَتَّعۡتُ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ وَءَابَآءَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَرَسُولٞ مُّبِينٞ ٢٩
However, I gave enjoyment to these [people of Makkah] and their fathers1 until there came to them the truth and a clear Messenger.2
43:30
وَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ قَالُواْ هَٰذَا سِحۡرٞ وَإِنَّا بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ٣٠
But when the truth came to them, they said, "This is magic, and indeed we are, concerning it, disbelievers."
43:31
وَقَالُواْ لَوۡلَا نُزِّلَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡقَرۡيَتَيۡنِ عَظِيمٍ ٣١
And they said, "Why was this Qur’ān not sent down upon a great man from [one of] the two cities?"1
1 translator’s note
- Referring to Makkah and aṭ-Ṭā’if. ↩
43:32
أَهُمۡ يَقۡسِمُونَ رَحۡمَتَ رَبِّكَۚ نَحۡنُ قَسَمۡنَا بَيۡنَهُم مَّعِيشَتَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَرَفَعۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٖ دَرَجَٰتٖ لِّيَتَّخِذَ بَعۡضُهُم بَعۡضٗا سُخۡرِيّٗاۗ وَرَحۡمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيۡرٞ مِّمَّا يَجۡمَعُونَ ٣٢
Do they distribute the mercy of your Lord? It is We who have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in degrees [of rank] that they may make use of one another for service. But the mercy of your Lord is better than whatever they accumulate.
43:33
وَلَوۡلَآ أَن يَكُونَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ لَّجَعَلۡنَا لِمَن يَكۡفُرُ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمۡ سُقُفٗا مِّن فِضَّةٖ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيۡهَا يَظۡهَرُونَ ٣٣
And if it were not that the people would become one community [of disbelievers],1 We would have made for those who disbelieve in the Most Merciful - for their houses - ceilings and stairways of silver upon which to mount.
1 translator’s note
- Who assumed that Allāh's generosity to them was a sign of His approval or who would hasten to disbelief in order to obtain wealth. ↩