Az-Zukhruf 43:54
The Ornaments of Gold · Juz 25 · Page 493
فَٱسۡتَخَفَّ قَوۡمَهُۥ فَأَطَاعُوهُۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ ٥٤
So he bluffed his people, and they obeyed him. Indeed, they were [themselves] a people defiantly disobedient [of Allāh].
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Commentary on 43:54
ولَمّا كانَ كَلامُهُ هَذا واضِعًا لَهُ عِنْدَ مَن تَأمَّلَ لا رافِعًا، وكانَ قَدْ مَشى عَلى أتْباعِهِ لِأنَّهم مَعَ المَظِنَّةِ دُونَ المِنَّةِ، فَهم أذَلُّ شَيْءٍ لِمَن ثَبَتَتْ لَهُ رِئاسَتُهُ دُنْيَوِيَّةٌ وإنْ صارَ تُرابًا، وأعْصى شَيْءٍ عَلى مَن لَمْ تَفَقَّهَ لَهُ النّاسُ وإنْ فَعَلَ الأفاعِيلَ العِظامَ، تَشَوَّفَ السّامِعُ إلى ما يَتَأثَّرُ عَنْهُ فَقالَ: ﴿فاسْتَخَفَّ﴾ أيْ بِسَبَبِ هَذِهِ الخُدَعِ الَّتِي سَحَرَهم بِها في هَذا الكَلامِ الَّذِي هو في الحَقِيقَةِ مُحَقِّرٌ لَهُ مُوهِنٌ لِأمْرِهِ قاصِمٌ لِمُلْكِهِ عِنْدَ مَن لَهُ لُبٌّ ﴿قَوْمَهُ﴾ الَّذِينَ لَهم قُوَّةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ، فَحَمَلَهم بِغُرُورِهِ عَلى ما كانُوا مُهَيَّئِينَ لَهُ في خِفَّةِ الحُلْمِ ﴿فَأطاعُوهُ﴾ بِأنْ أقَرُّوا بِمُلْكِهِ وأذْعَنُوا لِضَخامَتِهِ واعْتَرَفُوا بِرُبُوبِيَّتِهِ ورَدُّوا أمْرَ مُوسى عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ.
ولَمّا كانَ كَلامُهُ كَما مَضى أعْظَمُ مُوهِنٍ لِأمْرِهِ وهو مَنقُوضٌ (p-٤٥١)عَلى تَقْدِيرِ مَتانَتِهِ بِأنَّ مُوسى صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ عَلى نَبِيِّنا وعَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ أتى بِما يُغْنِي عَمّا قالَهُ مِنَ الأساوِرَةِ وظُهُورِ المَلائِكَةِ بِأنَّهُ مَهْما هَدَّدَهم فِعْلُهُ ومَهْما طَلَبُوهُ مِنهُ أجابَهم إلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْقِبْطِ داعٍ إلى طاعَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ بَعْدَما رَأوْا مِنَ الآياتِ إلّا المُشاكَلَةَ في خَباثَةِ الأرْواحِ، عَلَّلَ ذَلِكَ سُبْحانَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ مُؤَكِّدًا لِما يُناسِبُ أحْوالَهم فَيَرْتَضِي أفْعالَهم وهُمُ الأكْثَرُ: ﴿إنَّهم كانُوا﴾ أيْ بِما في جِبِلّاتِهِمْ مِنَ الشَّرِّ والنِّفاقِ لِأنَّهم كانُوا ﴿قَوْمًا﴾ أيْ عِنْدَهم قُوَّةُ شَكائِمِ تُوجِبُ لَهُمُ الشَّمّاخَةُ إلّا عِنْدَ مَن يَقْهَرُهم بِما يَأْلَفُونَ مِن أسْبابِ الدُّنْيا ﴿فاسِقِينَ﴾ أيْ عَرِيقِينَ في الخُرُوجِ عَنْ طاعَةِ اللهِ إلى مَعْصِيَةٍ، قَدْ صارَ لَهم ذَلِكَ خَلْقًا ثانِيًا،
Page 493
43:48
وَمَا نُرِيهِم مِّنۡ ءَايَةٍ إِلَّا هِيَ أَكۡبَرُ مِنۡ أُخۡتِهَاۖ وَأَخَذۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡعَذَابِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٤٨
And We showed them not a sign except that it was greater than its sister, and We seized them with affliction that perhaps they might return [to faith].
43:49
وَقَالُواْ يَٰٓأَيُّهَ ٱلسَّاحِرُ ٱدۡعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِندَكَ إِنَّنَا لَمُهۡتَدُونَ ٤٩
And they said [to Moses], "O magician, invoke for us your Lord by what He has promised you. Indeed, we will be guided."
43:50
فَلَمَّا كَشَفۡنَا عَنۡهُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابَ إِذَا هُمۡ يَنكُثُونَ ٥٠
But when We removed from them the affliction, at once they broke their word.
43:51
وَنَادَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنُ فِي قَوۡمِهِۦ قَالَ يَٰقَوۡمِ أَلَيۡسَ لِي مُلۡكُ مِصۡرَ وَهَٰذِهِ ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِيٓۚ أَفَلَا تُبۡصِرُونَ ٥١
And Pharaoh called out among his people; he said, "O my people, does not the kingdom of Egypt belong to me, and these rivers flowing beneath me; then do you not see?
43:52
أَمۡ أَنَا۠ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِي هُوَ مَهِينٞ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ٥٢
Or am I [not] better than this one [i.e., Moses] who is insignificant and hardly makes himself clear?1
1 translator’s note
- That was true previous to his appointment as a prophet, at which time Allāh corrected his speech impediment. ↩
43:53
فَلَوۡلَآ أُلۡقِيَ عَلَيۡهِ أَسۡوِرَةٞ مِّن ذَهَبٍ أَوۡ جَآءَ مَعَهُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ مُقۡتَرِنِينَ ٥٣
Then why have there not been placed upon him bracelets of gold or come with him the angels in conjunction?"
43:54
فَٱسۡتَخَفَّ قَوۡمَهُۥ فَأَطَاعُوهُۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ ٥٤
So he bluffed his people, and they obeyed him. Indeed, they were [themselves] a people defiantly disobedient [of Allāh].
43:55
فَلَمَّآ ءَاسَفُونَا ٱنتَقَمۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡ فَأَغۡرَقۡنَٰهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ ٥٥
And when they angered Us, We took retribution from them and drowned them all.
43:56
فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ سَلَفٗا وَمَثَلٗا لِّلۡأٓخِرِينَ ٥٦
And We made them a precedent and an example for the later peoples.
43:57
۞ وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوۡمُكَ مِنۡهُ يَصِدُّونَ ٥٧
And when the son of Mary was presented as an example,1 immediately your people laughed aloud.
1 translator’s note
- Of a creation of Allāh which is being worshipped along with Him. ↩
43:58
وَقَالُوٓاْ ءَأَٰلِهَتُنَا خَيۡرٌ أَمۡ هُوَۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلَۢاۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ قَوۡمٌ خَصِمُونَ ٥٨
And they said, "Are our gods better, or is he?"1 They did not present it [i.e., the comparison] except for [mere] argument. But, [in fact], they are a people prone to dispute.
1 translator’s note
- Implying that they must all be the same. ↩
43:59
إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبۡدٌ أَنۡعَمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلۡنَٰهُ مَثَلٗا لِّبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٥٩
He [i.e., Jesus] was not but a servant upon whom We bestowed favor, and We made him an example for the Children of Israel.
43:60
وَلَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلۡنَا مِنكُم مَّلَٰٓئِكَةٗ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَخۡلُفُونَ ٦٠
And if We willed, We could have made [instead] of you angels succeeding [one another]1 on the earth.
1 translator’s note
- Or "succeeding [you]." ↩