Az-Zukhruf 43:54
The Ornaments of Gold · Juz 25 · Page 493
فَٱسۡتَخَفَّ قَوۡمَهُۥ فَأَطَاعُوهُۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ ٥٤
So he bluffed his people, and they obeyed him. Indeed, they were [themselves] a people defiantly disobedient [of Allāh].
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn 'Ashur
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Commentary on 43:54
﴿فاسْتَخَفَّ قَوْمَهُ فَأطاعُوهُ إنَّهم كانُوا قَوْمًا فاسِقِينَ﴾ أيْ فَتَفَرَّعَ عَنْ نِداءِ فِرْعَوْنَ قَوْمَهُ أنْ أثَّرَ بِتَمْوِيهِهِ في نُفُوسِ مَلَئِهِ فَعَجَّلُوا بِطاعَتِهِ بَعْدَ أنْ كانُوا مُتَهَيِّئِينَ لِاتِّباعِ مُوسى لَمّا رَأوُا الآياتِ. فالخِفَّةُ مُسْتَعارَةٌ لِلِانْتِقالِ مِن حالَةِ التَّأمُّلِ في خَلْعِ طاعَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ والتَّثاقُلِ في اتِّباعِهِ إلى التَّعْجِيلِ بِالِامْتِثالِ لَهُ كَما يَخِفُّ الشَّيْءُ بَعْدَ التَّثاقُلِ.
والمَعْنى يَرْجِعُ إلى أنَّهُ اسْتَخَفَّ عُقُولَهم فَأسْرَعُوا إلى التَّصْدِيقِ بِما قالَهُ بَعْدَ أنْ صَدَّقُوا مُوسى في نُفُوسِهِمْ لَمّا رَأوْا آياتِهِ نُزُولًا ورَفْعًا. والمُرادُ بِـ ”قَوْمَهُ“ هُنا بَعْضُ القَوْمِ، وهُمُ الَّذِينَ حَضَرُوا مَجْلِسَ دَعْوَةِ مُوسى هَؤُلاءِ هُمُ المَلَأُ الَّذِينَ كانُوا في صُحْبَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ.
والسِّينُ والتّاءُ في اسْتَخَفَّ لِلْمُبالَغَةِ في أخَفَّ مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى ﴿إنَّما اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطانُ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٥] وقَوْلُهم: هَذا فِعْلٌ يَسْتَفِزُّ غَضَبَ الحَلِيمِ.
وجُمْلَةُ ”﴿إنَّهم كانُوا قَوْمًا فاسِقِينَ﴾“ في مَوْضِعِ العِلَّةِ لِجُمْلَةٍ فَأطاعُوهُ كَما هو شَأْنُ (إنَّ) إذا جاءَتْ في غَيْرِ مَقامِ التَّأْكِيدِ فَإنَّ كَوْنَهم قَدْ كانُوا فاسْقِينَ أمْرٌ بَيَّنَ ضَرُورَةَ أنَّ مُوسى جاءَهم فَدَعاهم إلى تَرْكِ ما كانُوا عَلَيْهِ مِن عِبادَةِ الأصْنامِ فَلا يَقْتَضِي في المَقامِ تَأْكِيدَ كَوْنِهِمْ فاسِقِينَ، أيْ كافِرِينَ. والمَعْنى: أنَّهم إنَّما خَفُّوا لِطاعَةِ رَأْسِ الكُفْرِ لِقُرْبِ عَهْدِهِمْ بِالكُفْرِ لِأنَّهم كانُوا يُؤَلِّهُونَ فِرْعَوْنَ فَلَمّا حَصَلَ
صفحة ٢٣٤
لَهم تَرَدُّدٌ في شَأْنِهِ بِبِعْثَةِ مُوسى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا أنْ رَجَعُوا إلى طاعَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ بِأدْنى سَبَبٍ.
والمُرادُ بِالفِسْقِ هُنا: الكُفْرُ، كَما قالَ في شَأْنِهِمْ في آيَةِ الأعْرافِ ﴿سَأُرِيكم دارَ الفاسِقِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٤٥] .
Page 493
43:48
وَمَا نُرِيهِم مِّنۡ ءَايَةٍ إِلَّا هِيَ أَكۡبَرُ مِنۡ أُخۡتِهَاۖ وَأَخَذۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡعَذَابِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٤٨
And We showed them not a sign except that it was greater than its sister, and We seized them with affliction that perhaps they might return [to faith].
43:49
وَقَالُواْ يَٰٓأَيُّهَ ٱلسَّاحِرُ ٱدۡعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِندَكَ إِنَّنَا لَمُهۡتَدُونَ ٤٩
And they said [to Moses], "O magician, invoke for us your Lord by what He has promised you. Indeed, we will be guided."
43:50
فَلَمَّا كَشَفۡنَا عَنۡهُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابَ إِذَا هُمۡ يَنكُثُونَ ٥٠
But when We removed from them the affliction, at once they broke their word.
43:51
وَنَادَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنُ فِي قَوۡمِهِۦ قَالَ يَٰقَوۡمِ أَلَيۡسَ لِي مُلۡكُ مِصۡرَ وَهَٰذِهِ ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِيٓۚ أَفَلَا تُبۡصِرُونَ ٥١
And Pharaoh called out among his people; he said, "O my people, does not the kingdom of Egypt belong to me, and these rivers flowing beneath me; then do you not see?
43:52
أَمۡ أَنَا۠ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِي هُوَ مَهِينٞ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ٥٢
Or am I [not] better than this one [i.e., Moses] who is insignificant and hardly makes himself clear?1
1 translator’s note
- That was true previous to his appointment as a prophet, at which time Allāh corrected his speech impediment. ↩
43:53
فَلَوۡلَآ أُلۡقِيَ عَلَيۡهِ أَسۡوِرَةٞ مِّن ذَهَبٍ أَوۡ جَآءَ مَعَهُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ مُقۡتَرِنِينَ ٥٣
Then why have there not been placed upon him bracelets of gold or come with him the angels in conjunction?"
43:54
فَٱسۡتَخَفَّ قَوۡمَهُۥ فَأَطَاعُوهُۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ ٥٤
So he bluffed his people, and they obeyed him. Indeed, they were [themselves] a people defiantly disobedient [of Allāh].
43:55
فَلَمَّآ ءَاسَفُونَا ٱنتَقَمۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡ فَأَغۡرَقۡنَٰهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ ٥٥
And when they angered Us, We took retribution from them and drowned them all.
43:56
فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ سَلَفٗا وَمَثَلٗا لِّلۡأٓخِرِينَ ٥٦
And We made them a precedent and an example for the later peoples.
43:57
۞ وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوۡمُكَ مِنۡهُ يَصِدُّونَ ٥٧
And when the son of Mary was presented as an example,1 immediately your people laughed aloud.
1 translator’s note
- Of a creation of Allāh which is being worshipped along with Him. ↩
43:58
وَقَالُوٓاْ ءَأَٰلِهَتُنَا خَيۡرٌ أَمۡ هُوَۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلَۢاۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ قَوۡمٌ خَصِمُونَ ٥٨
And they said, "Are our gods better, or is he?"1 They did not present it [i.e., the comparison] except for [mere] argument. But, [in fact], they are a people prone to dispute.
1 translator’s note
- Implying that they must all be the same. ↩
43:59
إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبۡدٌ أَنۡعَمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلۡنَٰهُ مَثَلٗا لِّبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٥٩
He [i.e., Jesus] was not but a servant upon whom We bestowed favor, and We made him an example for the Children of Israel.
43:60
وَلَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلۡنَا مِنكُم مَّلَٰٓئِكَةٗ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَخۡلُفُونَ ٦٠
And if We willed, We could have made [instead] of you angels succeeding [one another]1 on the earth.
1 translator’s note
- Or "succeeding [you]." ↩