Al-Jathiyah 45:21
The Crouching · Juz 25 · Page 500
أَمۡ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱجۡتَرَحُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ أَن نَّجۡعَلَهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ سَوَآءٗ مَّحۡيَاهُمۡ وَمَمَاتُهُمۡۚ سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ ٢١
Or do those who commit evils think We will make them like those who have believed and done righteous deeds - [make them] equal in their life and their death?1 Evil is that which they judge [i.e., assume].
1 translator’s note
- Another meaning is "...[the evildoers being] equal in their life and their death," i.e., unresponsive to guidance. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Qasimi
Detailed
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Commentary on 45:20–21
القَوْلُ في تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
[ ٢٠ - ٢١] ﴿هَذا بَصائِرُ لِلنّاسِ وهُدًى ورَحْمَةٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ﴾ ﴿أمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ اجْتَرَحُوا السَّيِّئاتِ أنْ نَجْعَلَهم كالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ سَواءً مَحْياهم ومَماتُهم ساءَ ما يَحْكُمُونَ﴾ [الجاثية: ٢١] .
﴿هَذا﴾ أيِ: القُرْآنُ: ﴿بَصائِرُ لِلنّاسِ﴾ أيْ: يُبْصِرُونَ بِهِ الحَقَّ مِنَ الباطِلِ، ويَعْرِفُونَ بِهِ سَبِيلَ الرَّشادِ. قالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ: جُعِلَ ما فِيهِ مِن مَعالِمِ الدِّينِ والشَّرائِعِ بِمَنزِلَةِ البَصائِرِ في القُلُوبِ كَما جُعِلَ رُوحًا وحَياةً، أيْ: فَهو تَشْبِيهٌ بَلِيغٌ: ﴿وهُدًى﴾ أيْ: مِنَ الضَّلالَةِ: ﴿ورَحْمَةٌ﴾ أيْ: مِنَ العَذابِ لِمَن آمَنَ وأيْقَنَ: ﴿لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ﴾ أيْ: يَطْلُبُونَ اليَقِينَ: ﴿أمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ اجْتَرَحُوا السَّيِّئاتِ﴾ [الجاثية: ٢١] أيِ: اكْتَسَبُوا سَيِّئاتِ الأعْمالِ: ﴿أنْ نَجْعَلَهم كالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ سَواءً مَحْياهم ومَماتُهم ساءَ ما يَحْكُمُونَ﴾ [الجاثية: ٢١] أيْ: مِن عَدَمِ التَّفاوُتِ.
قالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ: والمَعْنى إنْكارُ أنْ يَسْتَوِيَ المُسِيئُونَ والمُحْسِنُونَ مَحْيًا، وأنْ يَسْتَوُوا مَماتًا، لِافْتِراقِ أحْوالِهِمْ أحْياءً حَيْثُ عاشَ هَؤُلاءِ عَلى القِيامِ بِالطّاعاتِ، وأُولَئِكَ عَلى رُكُوبِ المَعاصِي، ومَماتًا حَيْثُ ماتَ هَؤُلاءِ عَلى البُشْرى بِالرَّحْمَةِ، والوُصُولِ إلى ثَوابِ اللَّهِ ورِضْوانِهِ، وأُولَئِكَ عَلى اليَأْسِ مِن رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ، والوُصُولِ إلى هَوْلِ ما أُعِدَّ لَهم. انْتَهى.
(p-٥٣٢٤)وزِدْ عَلَيْهِ: حَيْثُ عاشَ هَؤُلاءِ عَلى الهُدى، والعِلْمِ بِاللَّهِ، وسُنَنِ الرَّشادِ، وطُمَأْنِينَةِ القَلْبِ، وأُولَئِكَ عَلى الضَّلالِ والجَهْلِ، والعَبَثِ بِالفَسادِ، واضْطِرابِ القَلْبِ، وضِيقِ الصَّدْرِ، بِعَدَمِ مَعْرِفَةِ المَخْرَجِ المُشارِ إلَيْهِ بِآيَةِ: ﴿ومَن أعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤]
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45:14
قُل لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يَغۡفِرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ أَيَّامَ ٱللَّهِ لِيَجۡزِيَ قَوۡمَۢا بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ ١٤
Say, [O Muḥammad], to those who have believed that they [should] forgive those who expect not the days of Allāh [i.e., of His retribution] so that He may recompense a people1 for what they used to earn.
1 translator’s note
- In the Hereafter, where those who forgive will be rewarded and those who earned evil will be punished. This was at the outset of daʿwah (invitation to Allāh) before permission for jihād. ↩
45:15
مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلِنَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيۡهَاۖ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ تُرۡجَعُونَ ١٥
Whoever does a good deed - it is for himself; and whoever does evil - it is against it [i.e., the self or soul]. Then to your Lord you will be returned.
45:16
وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقۡنَٰهُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَفَضَّلۡنَٰهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٦
And We did certainly give the Children of Israel the Scripture and judgement1 and prophethood, and We provided them with good things and preferred them over the worlds.
1 translator’s note
- Understanding of the law. ↩
45:17
وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُم بَيِّنَٰتٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِۖ فَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُوٓاْ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡعِلۡمُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقۡضِي بَيۡنَهُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ فِيمَا كَانُواْ فِيهِ يَخۡتَلِفُونَ ١٧
And We gave them clear proofs of the matter [of religion]. And they did not differ except after knowledge had come to them - out of jealous animosity between themselves. Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ.
45:18
ثُمَّ جَعَلۡنَٰكَ عَلَىٰ شَرِيعَةٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِ فَٱتَّبِعۡهَا وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ أَهۡوَآءَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٨
Then We put you, [O Muḥammad], on an ordained way concerning the matter [of religion]; so follow it and do not follow the inclinations of those who do not know.
45:19
إِنَّهُمۡ لَن يُغۡنُواْ عَنكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٖۖ وَٱللَّهُ وَلِيُّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٩
Indeed, they will never avail you against Allāh at all. And indeed, the wrongdoers are allies of one another; but Allāh is the protector of the righteous.
45:20
هَٰذَا بَصَٰٓئِرُ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدٗى وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّقَوۡمٖ يُوقِنُونَ ٢٠
This [Qur’ān] is enlightenment for mankind and guidance and mercy for a people who are certain [in faith].
45:21
أَمۡ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱجۡتَرَحُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ أَن نَّجۡعَلَهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ سَوَآءٗ مَّحۡيَاهُمۡ وَمَمَاتُهُمۡۚ سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ ٢١
Or do those who commit evils think We will make them like those who have believed and done righteous deeds - [make them] equal in their life and their death?1 Evil is that which they judge [i.e., assume].
1 translator’s note
- Another meaning is "...[the evildoers being] equal in their life and their death," i.e., unresponsive to guidance. ↩
45:22
وَخَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلِتُجۡزَىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسِۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ ٢٢
And Allāh created the heavens and earth in truth and so that every soul may be recompensed for what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.