Al-Jathiyah 45:31
The Crouching · Juz 25 · Page 501
وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَفَلَمۡ تَكُنۡ ءَايَٰتِي تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرۡتُمۡ وَكُنتُمۡ قَوۡمٗا مُّجۡرِمِينَ ٣١
But as for those who disbelieved, [it will be said], "Were not Our verses recited to you, but you were arrogant and became a criminal people?
Tafsir · in English
Ibn Kathir (abridged)
Medium · The classic, abridged: ayahs explained by ayahs and hadith.
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Commentary on 45:30–37
Allah states to us His judgement in His creation on the Day of Resurrection,
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّلِحَتِ
(Then, as for those who believed and did good deeds,) Those whose hearts believed and their limbs performed good deeds, in sincerity to Allah and conforming with Islamic legislation;
فَيُدْخِلُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ فِى رَحْمَتِهِ
(their Lord will admit them to His mercy. ) and that is Paradise. In the Sahih, Allah said to Paradise;
«أَنْتِ رَحْمَتِي، أَرْحَمُ بِكِ مَنْ أَشَاء»
("You are My mercy, with which I grant mercy to whom I will,") Allah said;
ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْمُبِينُ
(That will be the evident success.) clear and apparent. Allah said,
وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ أَفَلَمْ تَكُنْ ءَايَتِى تُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ
(But as for those who disbelieved (it will be said to them): "Were not Our Ayat recited to you But you were proud...") They will be admonished and criticized with this statement, that means, `have not the Ayat of Ar-Rahman been recited to you But you did not follow them out of pride and turned away upon hearing them,'
وَكُنتُمْ قَوْماً مُّجْرِمِينَ
(and you were a people who were criminals.), `by your actions, as well as, the denial that your hearts contained.'
وَإِذَا قِيلَ إِنَّ وعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَالسَّاعَةُ لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهَا
(And when it was said: "Verily, Allah's promise is the truth, and there is no doubt about the coming of the Hour,") `when the believers said these words to you;'
قُلْتُم مَّا نَدْرِى مَا السَّاعَةُ
(you said: "We know not what is the Hour...") `we do not recognize what you are talking about,'
إِن نَّظُنُّ إِلاَّ ظَنّاً
(we do not think it but conjecture,) `we only remotely think that it might come,'
وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُسْتَيْقِنِينَ
(and we have no firm convincing belief (therein).) `we are not sure of it.' Allah said,
وَبَدَا لَهُمْ سَيِّئَتُ مَا عَمِلُواْ
(And the evil of what they did will appear to them,) the repercussion of their evil deeds will become apparent to them,
وَحَاقَ بِهِم
(and will completely encircle them.) from all directions,
مَا كَانُواْ بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ
(that which they used to mock at) of the coming torment and punishment,
وَقِيلَ الْيَوْمَ نَنسَاكُمْ
(And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you...") `We will treat you as if We have forgotten you, casting you in the fire of Jahannam,'
كَمَا نَسِيتُمْ لِقَآءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا
(as you forgot the meeting of this Day of yours.) `and did not work for it because you did not believe in its coming,'
وَمَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِّن نَّصِرِينَ
(And your abode is the Fire, and there is none to help you.) In the Sahih, it is reported that Allah the Exalted will ask some of His servants on the Day of Resurrection,
«أَلَمْ أُزَوِّجْكَ؟ أَلَمْ أُكْرِمْكَ؟ أَلَمْ أُسَخِّرْ لَكَ الْخَيْلَ وَالْإِبِلَ، وَأَذَرْكَ تَرْأَسُ وَتَرْبَعُ؟ فَيَقُولُ: بَلَى يَارَبِّ. فَيَقُولُ: أَفَظَنَنْتَ أَنَّكَ مُلَاقِيَّ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا. فَيَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: فَالْيَوْمَ أَنْسَاكَ كَمَا نَسِيتَنِي»
("Have I not given you a spouse, honored you and subjected the camels and horses to you Have I not allowed you to be a chief and a master" The servant will say in answer, "Yes, O Lord!" Allah will say, "Did you think that you would ever meet Me" He will say, "No." Allah the Exalted will say, "then this Day, I will forget you as you forgot Me.") Allah the Exalted said,
ذَلِكُم بِأَنَّكُمُ اتَّخَذْتُمْ ءَايَتِ اللَّهِ هُزُواً
(This, because you took the revelations of Allah in mockery.) `We gave you this punishment as retribution because you mocked Allah's proofs that He sent to you, and made them the subject of jokes and jest,'
وَغَرَّتْكُمُ الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَا
(and the life of the world deceived you.) `this life fooled you and you were seduced by to it, thus becoming among the ultimate losers,'
فَالْيَوْمَ لاَ يُخْرَجُونَ مِنْهَا
(So this Day, they shall not be taken out from there), from Hellfire,
وَلاَ هُمْ يُسْتَعْتَبُونَ
(nor shall they be returned to the worldly life.) no apologies shall be sought from them, but they will be punished without limit or delay, just as a group of the believers will enter Paradise without limit or delay. After Allah mentioned His judgement for the believers and the disbelievers, He said,
فَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ رَبِّ السَّمَوَتِ وَرَبِّ الاٌّرْضِ
(So all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the earth,) He is their Owner and the Owner of all that is in and on them, and surely,
رَبِّ الْعَلَمِينَ
(and the Lord of all that exists.) Allah said next,
وَلَهُ الْكِبْرِيَآءُ فِى السَّمَوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ
(And His is the majesty in the heavens and the earth, ) meaning, the kingship, according to Mujahid. This Ayah means, Allah is the Almighty, Worthy of all praise; everything and everyone is subservient and in complete need of and dependent upon Him. In an authentic Hadith, the Prophet said,
«يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: الْعَظَمَةُ إِزَارِي، وَالْكِبْرِيَاءُ رِدَائِي، فَمَنْ نَازَعَنِي وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا أَسْكَنْتُهُ نَارِي»
(Allah the Exalted said, "Glory is My robe and pride is My garment; whoever rivals Me for either of them, I will make him reside in My Fire!") Muslim collected a similar Hadith. Allah said,
وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ
(and He is the Al-`Aziz,) Who is never resisted or rivaled,
الْحَكِيمُ
(Al-Hakim) all wise in His statements, actions, legislation and the decree that He appoints; all glory and praise are due to Him, none has the right to be worshipped but He, Alone. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Jathiyah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah alone.
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45:23
أَفَرَءَيۡتَ مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَٰهَهُۥ هَوَىٰهُ وَأَضَلَّهُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٖ وَخَتَمَ عَلَىٰ سَمۡعِهِۦ وَقَلۡبِهِۦ وَجَعَلَ عَلَىٰ بَصَرِهِۦ غِشَٰوَةٗ فَمَن يَهۡدِيهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱللَّهِۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ ٢٣
Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allāh has sent him astray due to knowledge1 and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allāh? Then will you not be reminded?
1 translator’s note
- This can refer to Allāh's knowledge of that person and of his preference for his own inclinations or to that person's knowledge of the truth while he refuses it. ↩
45:24
وَقَالُواْ مَا هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا ٱلدُّنۡيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحۡيَا وَمَا يُهۡلِكُنَآ إِلَّا ٱلدَّهۡرُۚ وَمَا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍۖ إِنۡ هُمۡ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ ٢٤
And they say, "There is not but our worldly life; we die and live,1 and nothing destroys us except time." And they have of that no knowledge; they are only assuming.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., some people die and others live, replacing them. ↩
45:25
وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتُنَا بَيِّنَٰتٖ مَّا كَانَ حُجَّتَهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُواْ ٱئۡتُواْ بِـَٔابَآئِنَآ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ ٢٥
And when Our verses are recited to them as clear evidences, their argument is only that they say, "Bring [back] our forefathers, if you should be truthful."
45:26
قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يَجۡمَعُكُمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٦
Say, "Allāh causes you to live, then causes you to die; then He will assemble you for the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt, but most of the people do not know."
45:27
وَلِلَّهِ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَيَوۡمَ تَقُومُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ يَوۡمَئِذٖ يَخۡسَرُ ٱلۡمُبۡطِلُونَ ٢٧
And to Allāh belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. And the Day the Hour appears - that Day the falsifiers will lose.
45:28
وَتَرَىٰ كُلَّ أُمَّةٖ جَاثِيَةٗۚ كُلُّ أُمَّةٖ تُدۡعَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ كِتَٰبِهَا ٱلۡيَوۡمَ تُجۡزَوۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٨
And you will see every nation kneeling [from fear]. Every nation will be called to its record [and told], "Today you will be recompensed for what you used to do.
45:29
هَٰذَا كِتَٰبُنَا يَنطِقُ عَلَيۡكُم بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا نَسۡتَنسِخُ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٩
This, Our record, speaks about you in truth. Indeed, We were having transcribed1 whatever you used to do."
1 translator’s note
- By recording angels. ↩
45:30
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡمُبِينُ ٣٠
So as for those who believed and did righteous deeds, their Lord will admit them into His mercy. That is what is the clear attainment.
45:31
وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَفَلَمۡ تَكُنۡ ءَايَٰتِي تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرۡتُمۡ وَكُنتُمۡ قَوۡمٗا مُّجۡرِمِينَ ٣١
But as for those who disbelieved, [it will be said], "Were not Our verses recited to you, but you were arrogant and became a criminal people?
45:32
وَإِذَا قِيلَ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ وَٱلسَّاعَةُ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهَا قُلۡتُم مَّا نَدۡرِي مَا ٱلسَّاعَةُ إِن نَّظُنُّ إِلَّا ظَنّٗا وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمُسۡتَيۡقِنِينَ ٣٢
And when it was said, 'Indeed, the promise of Allāh is truth and the Hour [is coming] - no doubt about it,' you said, 'We know not what is the Hour. We assume only assumption, and we are not convinced.'"
Translation: Saheeh International · Text and layout: Quran Foundation · Mushaf fonts: King Fahd Complex, provided by Quran Foundation · Privacy