Al-Ahqaf 46:15
The Wind-Curved Sandhills · Juz 26 · Page 504
وَوَصَّيۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ بِوَٰلِدَيۡهِ إِحۡسَٰنًاۖ حَمَلَتۡهُ أُمُّهُۥ كُرۡهٗا وَوَضَعَتۡهُ كُرۡهٗاۖ وَحَمۡلُهُۥ وَفِصَٰلُهُۥ ثَلَٰثُونَ شَهۡرًاۚ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَبَلَغَ أَرۡبَعِينَ سَنَةٗ قَالَ رَبِّ أَوۡزِعۡنِيٓ أَنۡ أَشۡكُرَ نِعۡمَتَكَ ٱلَّتِيٓ أَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَٰلِدَيَّ وَأَنۡ أَعۡمَلَ صَٰلِحٗا تَرۡضَىٰهُ وَأَصۡلِحۡ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِيٓۖ إِنِّي تُبۡتُ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ ١٥
And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship, and his gestation and weaning [period] is thirty months. [He grows] until, when he reaches maturity and reaches [the age of] forty years, he says, "My Lord, enable me1 to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to work righteousness of which You will approve and make righteous for me my offspring. Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims."
1 translator’s note
- Literally, "gather within me the utmost strength and ability." ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
As-Sam'ani
Medium
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Commentary on 46:15
قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿وَوَصينَا الْإِنْسَان بِوَالِديهِ حسنا حَملته أمه كرها وَوَضَعته كرها﴾ الكره: هُوَ الْإِكْرَاه، والكره هُوَ الْمَشَقَّة فِي الْحمل حِين يثقل الْحمل، وَالْمَشَقَّة فِي الْوَضع عِنْد الطلق، وَمعنى الكره قريب من هَذَا أَي: على كَرَاهَة مِنْهَا، وَفِي تَفْسِير النقاش: حَملته سُرُورًا، وَوَضَعته سُرُورًا، حكى عَن الْفراء: أَن الكره بِالضَّمِّ هُوَ السرُور، والكره بِالْفَتْح هُوَ الْكَرَاهَة، حَكَاهُ النقاش.
وَقَوله: ﴿وَحمله وفصاله ثَلَاثُونَ شهرا﴾ مَعْنَاهُ: أَن أقل مُدَّة الْحمل سِتَّة أشهر، وَمُدَّة الفصال سنتَانِ، فَذَلِك ثَلَاثُونَ شهرا، وروى أَن امْرَأَة أَتَت بِولد لسِتَّة أشهر من وَقت النِّكَاح فِي زمَان عمر رَضِي الله عَنهُ فهم عمر برجمها، فَقَالَ عَليّ رَضِي الله عَنهُ لَا سَبِيل لَك عَلَيْهَا، وتلا قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿وَحمله وفصاله ثَلَاثُونَ شهرا﴾ فَقَالَ عمر: لَوْلَا عَليّ لهلك عمر.
وَفِي بعض التفاسير: أَن الْمَرْأَة وضعت لسِتَّة أشهر فمدة الفصال أَرْبَعَة وَعِشْرُونَ شهرا، وَإِن وضعت لتسعة أشهر فمدة الفصال [أحد] وَعِشْرُونَ شهرا، وَهَذَا خلاف قَول الْفُقَهَاء؛ فَإِن عِنْد أَكثر الْفُقَهَاء مُدَّة الفصال حولان بِكُل حَال.
وَقَوله تَعَالَى: ﴿حَتَّى إِذا بلغ أشده﴾ قد بَينا معنى الأشد.
وَقَوله: ﴿وَبلغ أَرْبَعِينَ سنة﴾ قد بَينا أَيْضا، وَهُوَ مُنْتَهى مُدَّة كَمَال الْعقل.
وَقَوله: ﴿قَالَ رب أوزعني﴾ أَي: ألهمني.
﴿أَن أشكر نِعْمَتك الَّتِي أَنْعَمت عَليّ وعَلى وَالِدي وَأَن أعمل صَالحا ترضاه وَأصْلح لي فِي ذريتي إِنِّي تبت إِلَيْك وَإِنِّي من الْمُسلمين﴾ ظَاهر الْمَعْنى، وَاخْتلف الْمُفَسِّرُونَ فِيمَن نزلت هَذِه الْآيَة؟ فَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيّ وَمُقَاتِل وَالضَّحَّاك: إِنَّهَا نزلت فِي أبي بكر الصّديق رَضِي الله عَنهُ وَقَالَ الْحسن الْبَصْرِيّ: إِنَّهَا عَامَّة فِي جَمِيع الْمُؤمنِينَ. وَمعنى الْآيَة: هُوَ الْإِرْشَاد إِلَى شكر الله وَدُعَاء الْوَالِدين.
Page 504
46:15
وَوَصَّيۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ بِوَٰلِدَيۡهِ إِحۡسَٰنًاۖ حَمَلَتۡهُ أُمُّهُۥ كُرۡهٗا وَوَضَعَتۡهُ كُرۡهٗاۖ وَحَمۡلُهُۥ وَفِصَٰلُهُۥ ثَلَٰثُونَ شَهۡرًاۚ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَبَلَغَ أَرۡبَعِينَ سَنَةٗ قَالَ رَبِّ أَوۡزِعۡنِيٓ أَنۡ أَشۡكُرَ نِعۡمَتَكَ ٱلَّتِيٓ أَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَٰلِدَيَّ وَأَنۡ أَعۡمَلَ صَٰلِحٗا تَرۡضَىٰهُ وَأَصۡلِحۡ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِيٓۖ إِنِّي تُبۡتُ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ ١٥
And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship, and his gestation and weaning [period] is thirty months. [He grows] until, when he reaches maturity and reaches [the age of] forty years, he says, "My Lord, enable me1 to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to work righteousness of which You will approve and make righteous for me my offspring. Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims."
1 translator’s note
- Literally, "gather within me the utmost strength and ability." ↩
46:16
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنۡهُمۡ أَحۡسَنَ مَا عَمِلُواْ وَنَتَجَاوَزُ عَن سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمۡ فِيٓ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡجَنَّةِۖ وَعۡدَ ٱلصِّدۡقِ ٱلَّذِي كَانُواْ يُوعَدُونَ ١٦
Those are the ones from whom We will accept the best of what they did and overlook their misdeeds, [their being] among the companions of Paradise. [That is] the promise of truth which they had been promised.
46:17
وَٱلَّذِي قَالَ لِوَٰلِدَيۡهِ أُفّٖ لَّكُمَآ أَتَعِدَانِنِيٓ أَنۡ أُخۡرَجَ وَقَدۡ خَلَتِ ٱلۡقُرُونُ مِن قَبۡلِي وَهُمَا يَسۡتَغِيثَانِ ٱللَّهَ وَيۡلَكَ ءَامِنۡ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَٰذَآ إِلَّآ أَسَٰطِيرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ١٧
But one who says to his parents, "Uff1 to you; do you promise me that I will be brought forth [from the earth] when generations before me have already passed on [into oblivion]?" while they call to Allāh for help [and to their son], "Woe to you! Believe! Indeed, the promise of Allāh is truth." But he says, "This is not but legends of the former peoples" -
1 translator’s note
- An expression of distaste and irritation. ↩
46:18
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ فِيٓ أُمَمٖ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِم مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ ١٨
Those are the ones upon whom the word [i.e., decree] has come into effect, [who will be] among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they [all] were losers.
46:19
وَلِكُلّٖ دَرَجَٰتٞ مِّمَّا عَمِلُواْۖ وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمۡ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ ١٩
And for all there are degrees [of reward and punishment] for what they have done, and [it is] so that He may fully compensate them for their deeds, and they will not be wronged.
46:20
وَيَوۡمَ يُعۡرَضُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ أَذۡهَبۡتُمۡ طَيِّبَٰتِكُمۡ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُم بِهَا فَٱلۡيَوۡمَ تُجۡزَوۡنَ عَذَابَ ٱلۡهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَفۡسُقُونَ ٢٠
And the Day those who disbelieved are exposed to the Fire [it will be said], "You exhausted your pleasures during your worldly life and enjoyed them, so this Day you will be awarded the punishment of [extreme] humiliation because you were arrogant upon the earth without right and because you were defiantly disobedient."