Al-Ahqaf 46:28
The Wind-Curved Sandhills · Juz 26 · Page 505
فَلَوۡلَا نَصَرَهُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ قُرۡبَانًا ءَالِهَةَۢۖ بَلۡ ضَلُّواْ عَنۡهُمۡۚ وَذَٰلِكَ إِفۡكُهُمۡ وَمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡتَرُونَ ٢٨
Then why did those they took besides Allāh as deities by which to approach [Him]1 not aid them? But they had strayed [i.e., departed] from them. And that was their falsehood and what they were inventing.
1 translator’s note
- According to their claim. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Abu as-Su'ud
Detailed
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Commentary on 46:28
﴿فَلَوْلا نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبانًا آلِهَةً﴾ القُرْبانُ: ما يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إلى اللَّهِ تَعالى وأحَدُ مَفْعُولَيِ "اتَّخَذُوا" ضَمِيرُ المَوْصُولِ المَحْذُوفِ والثّانِي "آلِهَةً" و"قُرْبانًا" حالٌ والتَّقْدِيرُ: فَهَلّا نَصَرَهم وخَلَّصَهم مِنَ العَذابِ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوهم آلِهَةً حالَ كَوْنِها مُتَقَرَّبًا بَها إلى اللَّهِ تَعالى حَيْثُ كانُوا يَقُولُونَ: ما نَعْبُدُهم إلاَّ لِيُقَرِّبُونا إلى اللَّهِ زُلْفى وهَؤُلاءِ شُفَعاؤُنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، وفِيهِ تَهَكُّمٌ بِهِمْ. ولا مَساغَ لِجَعْلِ "قُرْبانًا" مَفْعُولًا ثانِيًا "آلِهَةً" بَدَلًا مِنهُ لِفَسادِ المَعْنى، فَإنَّ البَدَلَ وإنْ كانَ هو المَقْصُودَ لَكِنَّهُ لا بُدَّ في غَيْرِ بَدَلِ الغَلَطِ مِن صِحَّةِ المَعْنى بِدُونِهِ، ولا رَيْبَ في أنَّ قَوْلَنا: اتَّخَذُوهم مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبانًا أيْ: مُتَقَرَّبًا بِهِ ما لا صِحَّةَ لَهُ قَطْعًا لِأنَّهُ تَعالى مُتَقَرَّبٌ إلَيْهِ لا مُتَقَرَّبٌ بِهِ فَلا يَصِحُّ أنَّهُمُ اتَّخَذُوهم قُرْبانًا مُتَجاوِزِينَ اللَّهَ في ذَلِكَ، وقُرِئَ "قُرُبانًا" بِضَمِّ الرّاءِ.
﴿بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ﴾ أيْ: غابُوا عَنْهم وفِيهِ تَهَكُّمٌ آخَرُ بِهِمْ كَأنَّ عَدَمَ نَصْرِهِمْ لِغَيْبَتِهِمْ أوْ ضاعُوا عَنْهم أيْ: ظَهَرَ ضَياعُهم عَنْهم بِالكُلِّيَّةِ. وقِيلَ: امْتَنَعَ نَصْرُهُمُ امْتِناعَ نَصْرِ الغائِبِ عَنِ المَنصُورِ.
﴿وَذَلِكَ﴾ أيْ: ضَياعُ آلِهَتِهِمْ عَنْهم وامْتِناعُ نَصْرِهِمْ.
﴿إفْكُهُمْ﴾ أيْ: أثَرُ إفْكِهِمُ الَّذِي هو اتِّخاذُهم إيّاها آلِهَةً نَتِيجَةُ شِرْكِهِمْ. وقُرِئَ "أفَكُهُمْ" وكِلاهُما مَصْدَرٌ كالحِذْرِ والحَذَرِ، وقُرِئَ "أفَكَهُمْ" عَلى صِيغَةِ الماضِي فَذَلِكَ إشارَةٌ حِينَئِذٍ إلى الِاتِّخاذِ أيْ: وذَلِكَ الِاتِّخاذُ الَّذِي هو ثَمَرَتُهُ وعاقِبَتُهُ صَرَفَهم عَنِ الحَقِّ، وقُرِئَ "أفَّكَهُمْ" بِالتَّشْدِيدِ لِلْمُبالَغَةِ و"آفَكَهُمْ" مِنَ الأفْعالِ أيْ: جَعَلَهم آفِكِينَ، وقُرِئَ "آفِكُهُمْ" عَلى صِيغَةِ اسْمِ الفاعِلِ مُضافًا إلى ضَمِيرِهِمْ أيْ: قَوْلُهُمُ الإفْكُ كَما يُقالُ قَوْلٌ كاذِبٌ.
﴿وَما كانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ﴾ عَطْفٌ عَلى (p-88)إفْكُهم أيْ: وأثَرُ افْتِرائِهِمْ عَلى اللَّهِ أوْ أثَرُ ما كانُوا يَفْتَرُونَهُ عَلَيْهِ تَعالى، وقُرِئَ وذَلِكَ إفْكٌ مِمّا كانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ أيْ: بَعْضُ ما كانُواْ يَفْتَرُونَ مِنَ الإفْكِ.
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46:21
۞ وَٱذۡكُرۡ أَخَا عَادٍ إِذۡ أَنذَرَ قَوۡمَهُۥ بِٱلۡأَحۡقَافِ وَقَدۡ خَلَتِ ٱلنُّذُرُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦٓ أَلَّا تَعۡبُدُوٓاْ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ إِنِّيٓ أَخَافُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ عَذَابَ يَوۡمٍ عَظِيمٖ ٢١
And mention, [O Muḥammad], the brother of ʿAad,1 when he warned his people in [the region of] al-Aḥqāf - and warners had already passed on before him and after him - [saying], "Do not worship except Allāh. Indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a terrible day."2
46:22
قَالُوٓاْ أَجِئۡتَنَا لِتَأۡفِكَنَا عَنۡ ءَالِهَتِنَا فَأۡتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَآ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ٢٢
They said, "Have you come to delude us away from our gods? Then bring us what you promise us, if you should be of the truthful."
46:23
قَالَ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡعِلۡمُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُم مَّآ أُرۡسِلۡتُ بِهِۦ وَلَٰكِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰكُمۡ قَوۡمٗا تَجۡهَلُونَ ٢٣
He said, "Knowledge [of its time] is only with Allāh, and I convey to you that with which I was sent; but I see you [to be] a people behaving ignorantly."
46:24
فَلَمَّا رَأَوۡهُ عَارِضٗا مُّسۡتَقۡبِلَ أَوۡدِيَتِهِمۡ قَالُواْ هَٰذَا عَارِضٞ مُّمۡطِرُنَاۚ بَلۡ هُوَ مَا ٱسۡتَعۡجَلۡتُم بِهِۦۖ رِيحٞ فِيهَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ٢٤
And when they saw it as a cloud approaching their valleys, they said, "This is a cloud bringing us rain!" Rather, it is that for which you were impatient:1 a wind, within it a painful punishment,
1 translator’s note
- When you challenged your prophet. See verse 22 of this sūrah. ↩
46:25
تُدَمِّرُ كُلَّ شَيۡءِۭ بِأَمۡرِ رَبِّهَا فَأَصۡبَحُواْ لَا يُرَىٰٓ إِلَّا مَسَٰكِنُهُمۡۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ ٢٥
Destroying everything by command of its Lord. And they became so that nothing was seen [of them] except their dwellings. Thus do We recompense the criminal people.
46:26
وَلَقَدۡ مَكَّنَّٰهُمۡ فِيمَآ إِن مَّكَّنَّٰكُمۡ فِيهِ وَجَعَلۡنَا لَهُمۡ سَمۡعٗا وَأَبۡصَٰرٗا وَأَفۡـِٔدَةٗ فَمَآ أَغۡنَىٰ عَنۡهُمۡ سَمۡعُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَبۡصَٰرُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَفۡـِٔدَتُهُم مِّن شَيۡءٍ إِذۡ كَانُواْ يَجۡحَدُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُواْ بِهِۦ يَسۡتَهۡزِءُونَ ٢٦
And We had certainly established them in such as We have not established you, and We made for them hearing and vision and hearts [i.e., intellect]. But their hearing and vision and hearts availed them not from anything [of the punishment] when they were [continually] rejecting the signs of Allāh; and they were enveloped by what they used to ridicule.
46:27
وَلَقَدۡ أَهۡلَكۡنَا مَا حَوۡلَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ وَصَرَّفۡنَا ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٢٧
And We have already destroyed what surrounds you of [those] cities, and We have diversified the signs [or verses] that perhaps they might return [from disbelief].
46:28
فَلَوۡلَا نَصَرَهُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ قُرۡبَانًا ءَالِهَةَۢۖ بَلۡ ضَلُّواْ عَنۡهُمۡۚ وَذَٰلِكَ إِفۡكُهُمۡ وَمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡتَرُونَ ٢٨
Then why did those they took besides Allāh as deities by which to approach [Him]1 not aid them? But they had strayed [i.e., departed] from them. And that was their falsehood and what they were inventing.
1 translator’s note
- According to their claim. ↩