Al-Ma'idah 5:13
The Table Spread · Juz 6 · Page 109
فَبِمَا نَقۡضِهِم مِّيثَٰقَهُمۡ لَعَنَّٰهُمۡ وَجَعَلۡنَا قُلُوبَهُمۡ قَٰسِيَةٗۖ يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلۡكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِۦ وَنَسُواْ حَظّٗا مِّمَّا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦۚ وَلَا تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَىٰ خَآئِنَةٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنۡهُمۡۖ فَٱعۡفُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَٱصۡفَحۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٣
So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardened. They distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded.1 And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook [their misdeeds]. Indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.
1 translator’s note
- In the Torah concerning the coming of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ). ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Mawardi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 5:12–14
وَفِي قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وَعَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ تَأْوِيلانِ: (p-٢١)أحَدُهُما: يَعْنِي نَصَرْتُمُوهم، وهَذا قَوْلُ الحَسَنِ، ومُجاهِدٍ.
الثّانِي: عَظَّمْتُمُوهم، وهَذا قَوْلُ أبِي عُبَيْدَةَ.
وَأصْلُهُ المَنعُ، قالَ الفَرّاءُ: عَزَّرْتُهُ عُزْرًا إذا رَدَدْتَهُ عَنِ الظُّلْمِ، ومِنهُ التَّعْزِيرُ لِأنَّهُ يَمْنَعُ مِن مُعاوَدَةِ القُبْحِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿فَبِما نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثاقَهم لَعَنّاهُمْ﴾ وتَقْدِيرُهُ: فَبِنَقْضِهِمْ مِيثاقَهم لَعَنّاهم، و (ما) صِلَةٌ زائِدَةٌ.
﴿وَجَعَلْنا قُلُوبَهم قاسِيَةً﴾ مِنَ القَسْوَةِ وهي الصَّلابَةُ.
وَقَرَأ حَمْزَةُ والكِسائِيُّ ( قَسِيَّةً ) وفِيهِ تَأْوِيلانِ: أحَدُهُما: أنَّها أبْلَغُ مِن قاسِيَةٍ.
والثّانِي: أنَّها بِمَعْنى قاسِيَةٍ.
﴿يُحَرِّفُونَ الكَلِمَ عَنْ مَواضِعِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي بِالتَّغْيِيرِ والتَّبْدِيلِ، وسُوءِ التَّأْوِيلِ.
﴿وَنَسُوا حَظًّا مِمّا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي نَصِيبَهم مِنَ المِيثاقِ المَأْخُوذِ عَلَيْهِمْ.
﴿وَلا تَزالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلى خائِنَةٍ مِنهُمْ﴾ فِيهِ تَأْوِيلانِ.
أحَدُهُما: يَعْنِي خِيانَةً مِنهم.
والثّانِي: يَعْنِي فِرْقَةً خائِنَةً.
﴿إلا قَلِيلا مِنهم فاعْفُ عَنْهم واصْفَحْ﴾ فِيها قَوْلانِ: أحَدُهُما: أنَّ حُكْمَها ثابِتٌ في الصَّفْحِ والعَفْوِ إذا رَآهُ.
والثّانِي: أنَّهُ مَنسُوخٌ، وفي الَّذِي نَسَخَهُ قَوْلانِ: أحَدُهُما: قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿قاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ ولا بِاليَوْمِ الآخِرِ﴾ [التَّوْبَةَ: ٢٩] وهَذا قَوْلُ قَتادَةَ.
والثّانِي: قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَإمّا تَخافَنَّ مِن قَوْمٍ خِيانَةً فانْبِذْ إلَيْهِمْ عَلى سَواءٍ﴾ [الأنْفال: ٥٨]
Page 109
5:10
وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ ١٠
But those who disbelieve and deny Our signs - those are the companions of Hellfire.
5:11
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ هَمَّ قَوۡمٌ أَن يَبۡسُطُوٓاْ إِلَيۡكُمۡ أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ فَكَفَّ أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ عَنكُمۡۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ١١
O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when a people determined to extend their hands [in aggression] against you, but He withheld their hands from you; and fear Allāh. And upon Allāh let the believers rely.
5:12
۞ وَلَقَدۡ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَٰقَ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ وَبَعَثۡنَا مِنۡهُمُ ٱثۡنَيۡ عَشَرَ نَقِيبٗاۖ وَقَالَ ٱللَّهُ إِنِّي مَعَكُمۡۖ لَئِنۡ أَقَمۡتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَيۡتُمُ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَءَامَنتُم بِرُسُلِي وَعَزَّرۡتُمُوهُمۡ وَأَقۡرَضۡتُمُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا لَّأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنكُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡ وَلَأُدۡخِلَنَّكُمۡ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۚ فَمَن كَفَرَ بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ مِنكُمۡ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ١٢
And Allāh had already taken a covenant from the Children of Israel, and We delegated from among them twelve leaders. And Allāh said, "I am with you. If you establish prayer and give zakāh and believe in My messengers and support them and loan Allāh a goodly loan,1 I will surely remove from you your misdeeds and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow. But whoever of you disbelieves after that has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way."
1 translator’s note
- By spending in the cause of Allāh, seeking His reward. ↩
5:13
فَبِمَا نَقۡضِهِم مِّيثَٰقَهُمۡ لَعَنَّٰهُمۡ وَجَعَلۡنَا قُلُوبَهُمۡ قَٰسِيَةٗۖ يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلۡكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِۦ وَنَسُواْ حَظّٗا مِّمَّا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦۚ وَلَا تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَىٰ خَآئِنَةٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنۡهُمۡۖ فَٱعۡفُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَٱصۡفَحۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٣
So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardened. They distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded.1 And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook [their misdeeds]. Indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.
1 translator’s note
- In the Torah concerning the coming of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ). ↩