Al-Ma'idah 5:42
The Table Spread · Juz 6 · Page 115
سَمَّٰعُونَ لِلۡكَذِبِ أَكَّٰلُونَ لِلسُّحۡتِۚ فَإِن جَآءُوكَ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُمۡ أَوۡ أَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡۖ وَإِن تُعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَإِنۡ حَكَمۡتَ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُم بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ ٤٢
[They are] avid listeners to falsehood, devourers of [what is] unlawful. So if they come to you, [O Muḥammad], judge between them or turn away from them. And if you turn away from them - never will they harm you at all. And if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 5:42
﴿سَمّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ﴾ كَرَّرَهُ لِلتَّأْكِيدِ. ﴿أكّالُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ﴾ أيِ الحَرامِ كالرِّشا مِن سَحَتَهُ إذا اسْتَأْصَلَهُ لِأنَّهُ مَسْحُوتُ البَرَكَةِ، وقَرَأ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وأبُو عَمْرٍو والكِسائِيُّ ويَعْقُوبُ في المَواضِعِ الثَّلاثَةِ بِضَمَّتَيْنِ وهُما لُغَتانِ كالعُنُقِ والعُنْقِ، وقُرِئَ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ عَلى لَفْظِ المَصْدَرِ. ﴿فَإنْ جاءُوكَ فاحْكم بَيْنَهم أوْ أعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ تَخْيِيرٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إذا تَحاكَمُوا إلَيْهِ بَيْنَ الحُكْمِ والإعْراضِ ولِهَذا قِيلَ: لَوْ تَحاكَمَ كِتابِيّانِ إلى القاضِي لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ الحُكْمُ، وهو قَوْلٌ لِلشّافِعِيِّ والأصَحُّ وُجُوبُهُ إذا كانَ المُتَرافِعانِ أوْ أحَدُهُما ذِمِّيًّا لِأنّا التَزَمْنا الذَّبَّ عَنْهم ودَفْعَ الظُّلْمِ مِنهُمْ، والآيَةُ لَيْسَتْ في أهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، وعِنْدَ أبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَجِبُ مُطْلَقًا. ﴿وَإنْ تُعْرِضْ عَنْهم فَلَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئًا﴾ بِأنْ يُعادُوكَ لِإعْراضِكَ عَنْهم فَإنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحانَهُ وتَعالى يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النّاسِ. ﴿وَإنْ حَكَمْتَ فاحْكم بَيْنَهم بِالقِسْطِ﴾ أيْ بِالعَدْلِ الَّذِي أمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ. ﴿إنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ المُقْسِطِينَ﴾ فَيَحْفَظُهم ويُعَظِّمُ شَأْنَهم.
Page 115
5:42
سَمَّٰعُونَ لِلۡكَذِبِ أَكَّٰلُونَ لِلسُّحۡتِۚ فَإِن جَآءُوكَ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُمۡ أَوۡ أَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡۖ وَإِن تُعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَإِنۡ حَكَمۡتَ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُم بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ ٤٢
[They are] avid listeners to falsehood, devourers of [what is] unlawful. So if they come to you, [O Muḥammad], judge between them or turn away from them. And if you turn away from them - never will they harm you at all. And if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly.
5:43
وَكَيۡفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِندَهُمُ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةُ فِيهَا حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّوۡنَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَۚ وَمَآ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ بِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٤٣
But how is it that they come to you for judgement while they have the Torah, in which is the judgement of Allāh? Then they turn away, [even] after that; but those are not [in fact] believers.
5:44
إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَا ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةَ فِيهَا هُدٗى وَنُورٞۚ يَحۡكُمُ بِهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَسۡلَمُواْ لِلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلرَّبَّٰنِيُّونَ وَٱلۡأَحۡبَارُ بِمَا ٱسۡتُحۡفِظُواْ مِن كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَانُواْ عَلَيۡهِ شُهَدَآءَۚ فَلَا تَخۡشَوُاْ ٱلنَّاسَ وَٱخۡشَوۡنِ وَلَا تَشۡتَرُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِي ثَمَنٗا قَلِيلٗاۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ ٤٤
Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted [to Allāh] judged by it for the Jews, as did the rabbis and scholars by that with which they were entrusted of the Scripture of Allāh, and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price [i.e., worldly gain]. And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers.
5:45
وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفۡسَ بِٱلنَّفۡسِ وَٱلۡعَيۡنَ بِٱلۡعَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَنفَ بِٱلۡأَنفِ وَٱلۡأُذُنَ بِٱلۡأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٤٥
And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].