Al-Ma'idah 5:45
The Table Spread · Juz 6 · Page 115
وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفۡسَ بِٱلنَّفۡسِ وَٱلۡعَيۡنَ بِٱلۡعَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَنفَ بِٱلۡأَنفِ وَٱلۡأُذُنَ بِٱلۡأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٤٥
And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].
Tafsir · in Arabic
An-Nasafi
Medium
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Commentary on 5:45
﴿وَكَتَبْنا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيها﴾ وفَرَضْنا عَلى اليَهُودِ في التَوْراةِ ﴿أنَّ النَفْسَ﴾ (p-٤٥٠)مَأْخُوذَةٌ ﴿بِالنَفْسِ﴾ مَقْتُولَةٌ بِها إذا قَتَلَتْها بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ﴿والعَيْنَ﴾ مَفْقُوءَةٌ ﴿بِالعَيْنِ والأنْفَ﴾ مَجْدُوعٌ ﴿بِالأنْفِ والأُذُنَ﴾ مَقْطُوعَةٌ ﴿بِالأُذُنِ والسِنَّ﴾ مَقْلُوعَةٌ ﴿بِالسِنِّ والجُرُوحَ قِصاصٌ﴾ أيْ: ذاتُ قِصاصٍ، وهو المُقاصَّةُ، ومَعْناهُ: ما يُمْكِنُ فِيهِ القِصاصَ، وإلّا فَحُكُومَةُ عَدْلٍ، وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُما: كانُوا لا يَقْتُلُونَ الرَجُلَ بِالمَرْأةِ، فَنَزَلَتْ. وقَوْلُهُ: ﴿أنَّ النَفْسَ بِالنَفْسِ﴾ يَدُلُّ عَلى أنَّ المُسْلِمَ يُقْتَلُ بِالذِمِّيِّ، والرَجُلُ بِالمَرْأةِ، والحُرُّ بِالعَبْدِ. نَصَبَ نافِعٌ وعاصِمٌ وحَمْزَةُ المَعْطُوفاتِ كُلَّها لِلْعَطْفِ عَلى ما عَمِلَتْ فِيهِ "أنَّ"، ورَفَعَها عَلِيٌّ لِلْعَطْفِ عَلى مَحَلِّ "أنَّ النَفْسَ"، لِأنَّ المَعْنى: ﴿وَكَتَبْنا عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ النَفْسُ بِالنَفْسِ إجْراءً لِكَتَبْنا مَجْرى قُلْنا، ونَصَبَ الباقُونَ الكُلَّ، ورَفَعُوا "الجُرُوحَ". و(الأُذْنَ) بِسُكُونِ الذالِ حَيْثُ كانَ نافِعٌ والباقُونَ بِضَمِّها. وهُما لُغَتانِ كالسُحْتِ، والسُحُتِ.
﴿فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ﴾ مِن أصْحابِ الحَقِّ ﴿بِهِ﴾ بِالقِصاصِ، وعَفا عَنْهُ ﴿فَهُوَ كَفّارَةٌ لَهُ﴾ فالتَصَدُّقُ بِهِ كَفّارَةٌ لِلْمُتَصَدِّقِ بِإحْسانِهِ. قالَ ﷺ: « "مَن تَصَدَّقَ بِدَمٍ فَما دُونَهُ كانَ كَفّارَةً لَهُ مِن يَوْمِ ولَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ" »﴿وَمَن لَمْ يَحْكم بِما أنْـزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظالِمُونَ﴾ بِالِامْتِناعِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ.
Page 115
5:42
سَمَّٰعُونَ لِلۡكَذِبِ أَكَّٰلُونَ لِلسُّحۡتِۚ فَإِن جَآءُوكَ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُمۡ أَوۡ أَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡۖ وَإِن تُعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَإِنۡ حَكَمۡتَ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُم بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ ٤٢
[They are] avid listeners to falsehood, devourers of [what is] unlawful. So if they come to you, [O Muḥammad], judge between them or turn away from them. And if you turn away from them - never will they harm you at all. And if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly.
5:43
وَكَيۡفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِندَهُمُ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةُ فِيهَا حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّوۡنَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَۚ وَمَآ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ بِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٤٣
But how is it that they come to you for judgement while they have the Torah, in which is the judgement of Allāh? Then they turn away, [even] after that; but those are not [in fact] believers.
5:44
إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَا ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةَ فِيهَا هُدٗى وَنُورٞۚ يَحۡكُمُ بِهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَسۡلَمُواْ لِلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلرَّبَّٰنِيُّونَ وَٱلۡأَحۡبَارُ بِمَا ٱسۡتُحۡفِظُواْ مِن كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَانُواْ عَلَيۡهِ شُهَدَآءَۚ فَلَا تَخۡشَوُاْ ٱلنَّاسَ وَٱخۡشَوۡنِ وَلَا تَشۡتَرُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِي ثَمَنٗا قَلِيلٗاۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ ٤٤
Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted [to Allāh] judged by it for the Jews, as did the rabbis and scholars by that with which they were entrusted of the Scripture of Allāh, and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price [i.e., worldly gain]. And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers.
5:45
وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفۡسَ بِٱلنَّفۡسِ وَٱلۡعَيۡنَ بِٱلۡعَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَنفَ بِٱلۡأَنفِ وَٱلۡأُذُنَ بِٱلۡأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٤٥
And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].