Al-Ma'idah 5:51
The Table Spread · Juz 6 · Page 117
۞ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلۡيَهُودَ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَۘ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٖۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُم مِّنكُمۡ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنۡهُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٥١
O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies. They are [in fact] allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them. Indeed, Allāh guides not the wrongdoing people.
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Commentary on 5:51
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿ياأيُّها الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَّخِذُوا اليَهُودَ والنَّصارى أوْلِياءَ بَعْضُهم أوْلِياءُ بَعْضٍ﴾
اعْلَمْ أنَّهُ تَمَّ الكَلامُ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ: (أوْلِياءَ) ثُمَّ ابْتَدَأ، فَقالَ ﴿بَعْضُهم أوْلِياءُ بَعْضٍ﴾ ورُوِيَ «أنَّ عُبادَةَ بْنَ الصّامِتِ جاءَ إلى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَبَرَّأ عِنْدَهُ مِن مُوالاةِ اليَهُودِ، فَقالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ: لَكِنِّي لا أتَبَرَّأُ مِنهم؛ لِأنِّي أخافُ الدَّوائِرَ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ»، ومَعْنى لا تَتَّخِذُوهم أوْلِياءَ: أيْ لا تَعْتَمِدُوا عَلى الِاسْتِنْصارِ بِهِمْ، ولا تَتَوَدَّدُوا إلَيْهِمْ.
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ثُمَّ قالَ: ﴿ومَن يَتَوَلَّهم مِنكم فَإنَّهُ مِنهُمْ﴾ قالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ كَأنَّهُ مِثْلُهم، وهَذا تَغْلِيظٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وتَشْدِيدٌ في وُجُوبِ مُجانَبَةِ المُخالِفِ في الدِّينِ، ونَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿ومَن لَمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإنَّهُ مِنِّي﴾ [البَقَرَةِ: ٢٤٩] .
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ثُمَّ قالَ: ﴿إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي القَوْمَ الظّالِمِينَ﴾ رُوِيَ عَنْ أبِي مُوسى الأشْعَرِيِّ أنَّهُ قالَ: قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الخَطّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: إنَّ لِي كاتِبًا نَصْرانِيًّا، فَقالَ: ما لَكَ قاتَلَكَ اللَّهُ ؟ ألا اتَّخَذْتَ حَنِيفًا، أما سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعالى: ﴿ياأيُّها الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَّخِذُوا اليَهُودَ والنَّصارى أوْلِياءَ﴾ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَهُ دِينُهُ ولِيَ كِتابَتُهُ، فَقالَ: لا أُكْرِمُهم إذْ أهانَهُمُ اللَّهُ، ولا أُعِزُّهم إذْ أذَلَّهُمُ اللَّهُ، ولا أُدْنِيهِمْ إذْ أبْعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ، قُلْتُ: لا يَتِمُّ أمْرُ البَصْرَةِ إلّا بِهِ، فَقالَ: ماتَ النَّصْرانِيُّ والسَّلامُ، يَعْنِي هَبْ أنَّهُ قَدْ ماتَ فَما تَصْنَعُ بَعْدَهُ، فَما تَعْمَلُهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فاعْمَلْهُ الآنَ واسْتَغْنِ عَنْهُ بِغَيْرِهِ.
Page 117
5:51
۞ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلۡيَهُودَ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَۘ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٖۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُم مِّنكُمۡ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنۡهُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٥١
O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies. They are [in fact] allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them. Indeed, Allāh guides not the wrongdoing people.
5:52
فَتَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِيهِمۡ يَقُولُونَ نَخۡشَىٰٓ أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٞۚ فَعَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَأۡتِيَ بِٱلۡفَتۡحِ أَوۡ أَمۡرٖ مِّنۡ عِندِهِۦ فَيُصۡبِحُواْ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ نَٰدِمِينَ ٥٢
So you see those in whose hearts is disease [i.e., hypocrisy] hastening into [association with] them, saying, "We are afraid a misfortune may strike us." But perhaps Allāh will bring conquest or a decision from Him, and they will become, over what they have been concealing within themselves, regretful.
5:53
وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَهَٰٓؤُلَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أَقۡسَمُواْ بِٱللَّهِ جَهۡدَ أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ إِنَّهُمۡ لَمَعَكُمۡۚ حَبِطَتۡ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ فَأَصۡبَحُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ ٥٣
And those who believe will say,1 "Are these the ones who swore by Allāh their strongest oaths that indeed they were with you?" Their deeds have become worthless, and they have become losers.
1 translator’s note
- About the hypocrites after their exposure. ↩
5:54
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَن يَرۡتَدَّ مِنكُمۡ عَن دِينِهِۦ فَسَوۡفَ يَأۡتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوۡمٖ يُحِبُّهُمۡ وَيُحِبُّونَهُۥٓ أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ يُجَٰهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ لَوۡمَةَ لَآئِمٖۚ ذَٰلِكَ فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ يُؤۡتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٥٤
O you who have believed, whoever of you should revert from his religion - Allāh will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble toward the believers, strong against the disbelievers; they strive in the cause of Allāh and do not fear the blame of a critic. That is the favor of Allāh; He bestows it upon whom He wills. And Allāh is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
5:55
إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُمۡ رَٰكِعُونَ ٥٥
Your ally is none but Allāh and [therefore] His Messenger and those who have believed - those who establish prayer and give zakāh, and they bow [in worship].
5:56
وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فَإِنَّ حِزۡبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡغَٰلِبُونَ ٥٦
And whoever is an ally of Allāh and His Messenger and those who have believed - indeed, the party of Allāh - they will be the predominant.
5:57
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ دِينَكُمۡ هُزُوٗا وَلَعِبٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَٱلۡكُفَّارَ أَوۡلِيَآءَۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ ٥٧
O you who have believed, take not those who have taken your religion in ridicule and amusement among the ones who were given the Scripture before you nor the disbelievers as allies. And fear Allāh, if you should [truly] be believers.