Al-Ma'idah 5:61
The Table Spread · Juz 6 · Page 118
وَإِذَا جَآءُوكُمۡ قَالُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا وَقَد دَّخَلُواْ بِٱلۡكُفۡرِ وَهُمۡ قَدۡ خَرَجُواْ بِهِۦۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡتُمُونَ ٦١
And when they come to you, they say, "We believe." But they have entered with disbelief [in their hearts], and they have certainly left with it. And Allāh is most knowing of what they were concealing.
Tafsir · in Arabic
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Commentary on 5:61
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وإذا جاءُوكم قالُوا آمَنّا وقَدْ دَخَلُوا بِالكُفْرِ وهم قَدْ خَرَجُوا بِهِ﴾ .
وفِيهِ مَسائِلُ:
المَسْألَةُ الأُولى: قالُوا: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ في ناسٍ مِنَ اليَهُودِ كانُوا يَدْخُلُونَ عَلى الرَّسُولِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ ويُظْهِرُونَ لَهُ الإيمانَ نِفاقًا، فَأخْبَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ بِشَأْنِهِمْ وأنَّهم يَخْرُجُونَ مِن مَجْلِسِكَ كَما دَخَلُوا لَمْ يَتَعَلَّقْ بِقَلْبِهِمْ شَيْءٌ مِن دَلائِلِكَ وتَقْرِيراتِكَ ونَصائِحِكَ وتَذْكِيراتِكَ.
المَسْألَةُ الثّانِيَةُ: الباءُ في قَوْلِهِ: ﴿دَخَلُوا بِالكُفْرِ وهم قَدْ خَرَجُوا بِهِ﴾ يُفِيدُ بَقاءَ الكُفْرِ مَعَهم حالَتَيِ الدُّخُولِ والخُرُوجِ مِن غَيْرِ نُقْصانٍ ولا تَغْيِيرٍ فِيهِ ألْبَتَّةَ، كَما تَقُولُ: دَخَلَ زَيْدٌ بِثَوْبِهِ وخَرَجَ بِهِ، أيْ بَقِيَ ثَوْبُهُ حالَ الخُرُوجِ كَما كانَ حالَ الدُّخُولِ.
المَسْألَةُ الثّالِثَةُ: ذَكَرَ عِنْدَ الدُّخُولِ كَلِمَةَ: ”قَدْ“ فَقالَ: ﴿وقَدْ دَخَلُوا بِالكُفْرِ﴾ وذَكَرَ عِنْدَ الخُرُوجِ كَلِمَةَ ”هم“ فَقالَ: ﴿وهم قَدْ خَرَجُوا بِهِ﴾ قالُوا: الفائِدَةُ في ذِكْرِ كَلِمَةِ ”قَدْ“ تَقْرِيبُ الماضِي مِنَ الحالِ، والفائِدَةُ في ذِكْرِ كَلِمَةِ ”هم“ التَّأْكِيدُ في إضافَةِ الكُفْرِ إلَيْهِمْ، ونَفْيُ أنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ في ذَلِكَ فِعْلٌ، أيْ لَمْ يَسْمَعُوا مِنكَ يا مُحَمَّدُ عِنْدَ جُلُوسِهِمْ مَعَكَ ما يُوجِبُ كُفْرًا، فَتَكُونَ أنْتَ الَّذِي ألْقَيْتَهم في الكُفْرِ، بَلْ هُمُ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا بِالكُفْرِ بِاخْتِيارِ أنْفُسِهِمْ.
المَسْألَةُ الرّابِعَةُ: قالَتِ المُعْتَزِلَةُ: إنَّهُ تَعالى أضافَ الكُفْرَ إلَيْهِمْ حالَتَيِ الدُّخُولِ والخُرُوجِ عَلى سَبِيلِ الذَّمِّ، وبالَغَ في تَقْرِيرِ تِلْكَ الإضافَةِ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وهم قَدْ خَرَجُوا بِهِ﴾ فَدَلَّ هَذا عَلى أنَّهُ مِنَ العَبْدِ لا مِنَ اللَّهِ.
والجَوابُ: المُعارَضَةُ بِالعِلْمِ والدّاعِي.
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ثُمَّ قالَ تَعالى: ﴿واللَّهُ أعْلَمُ بِما كانُوا يَكْتُمُونَ﴾ والغَرَضُ مِنهُ المُبالَغَةُ فِيما في قُلُوبِهِمْ مِنَ الجِدِّ والِاجْتِهادِ في المَكْرِ بِالمُسْلِمِينَ والكَيْدِ بِهِمْ والبُغْضِ والعَداوَةِ لَهم.
Page 118
5:58
وَإِذَا نَادَيۡتُمۡ إِلَى ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ٱتَّخَذُوهَا هُزُوٗا وَلَعِبٗاۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡقِلُونَ ٥٨
And when you call to prayer, they take it in ridicule and amusement. That is because they are a people who do not use reason.
5:59
قُلۡ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ هَلۡ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلَّآ أَنۡ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبۡلُ وَأَنَّ أَكۡثَرَكُمۡ فَٰسِقُونَ ٥٩
Say, "O People of the Scripture, do you resent us except [for the fact] that we have believed in Allāh and what was revealed to us and what was revealed before and because most of you are defiantly disobedient?"
5:60
قُلۡ هَلۡ أُنَبِّئُكُم بِشَرّٖ مِّن ذَٰلِكَ مَثُوبَةً عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ مَن لَّعَنَهُ ٱللَّهُ وَغَضِبَ عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلَ مِنۡهُمُ ٱلۡقِرَدَةَ وَٱلۡخَنَازِيرَ وَعَبَدَ ٱلطَّٰغُوتَۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ شَرّٞ مَّكَانٗا وَأَضَلُّ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ٦٠
Say, "Shall I inform you of [what is] worse than that1 as penalty from Allāh? [It is that of] those whom Allāh has cursed and with whom He became angry and made of them apes and pigs and slaves of ṭāghūt.2 Those are worse in position and further astray from the sound way."
5:61
وَإِذَا جَآءُوكُمۡ قَالُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا وَقَد دَّخَلُواْ بِٱلۡكُفۡرِ وَهُمۡ قَدۡ خَرَجُواْ بِهِۦۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡتُمُونَ ٦١
And when they come to you, they say, "We believe." But they have entered with disbelief [in their hearts], and they have certainly left with it. And Allāh is most knowing of what they were concealing.
5:62
وَتَرَىٰ كَثِيرٗا مِّنۡهُمۡ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِي ٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَٰنِ وَأَكۡلِهِمُ ٱلسُّحۡتَۚ لَبِئۡسَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٦٢
And you see many of them hastening into sin and aggression and the devouring of [what is] unlawful. How wretched is what they have been doing.
5:63
لَوۡلَا يَنۡهَىٰهُمُ ٱلرَّبَّٰنِيُّونَ وَٱلۡأَحۡبَارُ عَن قَوۡلِهِمُ ٱلۡإِثۡمَ وَأَكۡلِهِمُ ٱلسُّحۡتَۚ لَبِئۡسَ مَا كَانُواْ يَصۡنَعُونَ ٦٣
Why do the rabbis and religious scholars not forbid them from saying what is sinful and devouring what is unlawful? How wretched is what they have been practicing.
5:64
وَقَالَتِ ٱلۡيَهُودُ يَدُ ٱللَّهِ مَغۡلُولَةٌۚ غُلَّتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَلُعِنُواْ بِمَا قَالُواْۘ بَلۡ يَدَاهُ مَبۡسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيۡفَ يَشَآءُۚ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنۡهُم مَّآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغۡيَٰنٗا وَكُفۡرٗاۚ وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا بَيۡنَهُمُ ٱلۡعَدَٰوَةَ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَآءَ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۚ كُلَّمَآ أَوۡقَدُواْ نَارٗا لِّلۡحَرۡبِ أَطۡفَأَهَا ٱللَّهُۚ وَيَسۡعَوۡنَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَسَادٗاۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُفۡسِدِينَ ٦٤
And the Jews say, "The hand of Allāh is chained."1 Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they say. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. And that which has been revealed to you from your Lord will surely increase many of them in transgression and disbelief. And We have cast among them animosity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection. Every time they kindled the fire of war [against you], Allāh extinguished it. And they strive throughout the land [causing] corruption, and Allāh does not like corrupters.
1 translator’s note
- Implying inability to give or stinginess. ↩